Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of Nonfathers, Nonresident Fathers, and Resident Fathers.
| Nonfathers (n = 6,828) | Nonresident fathers (n = 686) | Resident fathers (n = 2,739) | p Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at fatherhood entrance | N/A | 21.9 (4.0) | 25.6 (3.9) | .355 |
| BMI Wave I | 22.6 (4.6) | 22.7 (4.2) | 23.1 (4.2) | <.001 |
| BMI Wave IV | 28.6 (6.8) | 28.2 (6.6) | 29.6 (6.5) | <.001 |
| Racec | <.001 | |||
| White | 3,434 (50.6) | 274 (39.3) | 1,460 (53.3) | |
| African American | 1,331 (19.6) | 274 (39.3) | 520 (19.0) | |
| Hispanic | 1,115 (16.4) | 97 (14.1) | 502 (18.3) | |
| Asian | 609 (9.0) | 15 (2.2) | 143 (5.2) | |
| Other | 302 (4.5) | 26 (3.8) | 113 (4.1) | |
| Mother’s educationc | <.001 | |||
| Less than HS | 868 (16.2) | 115 (20.6) | 419 (19.2) | |
| HS graduate, vocational school, or technical school | 2,017 (37.7) | 256 (45.9) | 967 (44.2) | |
| Some college to college graduate | 1,919 (35.9) | 162 (29.0) | 674 (30.8) | |
| Some graduate school to professional degree | 545 (10.2) | 25 (4.5) | 127 (5.8) | |
| Own educationc,d | <.001 | |||
| Less than HS | 439 (6.4) | 127 (18.5) | 291 (10.6) | |
| HS graduate, vocational school, or technical school | 1,357 (19.9) | 244 (35.6) | 927 (33.8) | |
| Some college to college graduate | 2,734 (40.0) | 251 (36.6) | 1,227 (44.8) | |
| Some graduate school to professional degree | 588 (8.6) | 15 (2.2) | 140 (5.1) | |
| Parent’s income (Wave I)c | <.001 | |||
| <$30,000 | 1,696 (29.7) | 262 (38.9) | 784 (29.2) | |
| $30,000–$49,999 | 1,355 (23.7) | 137 (20.4) | 596 (22.2) | |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 1,214 (21.3) | 84 (12.5) | 447 (16.6) | |
| >$75,000 | 1,442 (25.3) | 189 (28.1) | 862 (32.1) | |
| Personal income (Wave IV)c | <.001 | |||
| <$30,000 | 698 (18.5) | 137 (36.3) | 294 (15.8) | |
| $30,000–$49,999 | 833 (22.1) | 86 (22.8) | 438 (23.6) | |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 852 (22.6) | 79 (20.9) | 503 (27.1) | |
| >$75,000 | 1,391 (36.9) | 75 (19.9) | 621 (33.5) | |
| Number of childrene | N/A | 1.06 (1–3) | 1.52 (1–7) | <.001 |
| Daily activities before FH (times/week)b | 3.92 (2.61) | 3.92 (2.62) | 3.61 (2.72) | <.001 |
| Daily activities after FH (times/week)b | 3.35 (3.37) | 3.26 (3.39) | 3.48 (2.91) | .038 |
| Screen time before FH (hours/week)b | 25.0 (23.3) | 29.8 (29.0) | 24.6 (22.4) | <.001 |
| Screen time after FH (hours/week)b | 27.0 (23.9) | 28.2 (27.2) | 23.9 (21.6) | <.001 |
| Marital statusc,d | <.001 | |||
| Married | 857 (12.6) | 54 (7.9) | 1,975 (72.1) | |
| Unmarried | 5,971 (87.4) | 632 (92.1) | 764 (27.9) |
Note. BMI = body mass index; FH = fatherhood; HS = high school.
a
p Values derived from F test for continuous and χ2 for categorical variables.
b
Mean (SD).
c
n (%).
d
As of 0 fatherhood years.
e
Mean (Range).