Table 1. Study variables and description of the sample.
| Variables (N = 375) | Categories | n | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Age (years) | 65–69 | 86 | 22.9 |
| 70–74 | 99 | 26.4 | |
| 75–79 | 109 | 29.1 | |
| ≥80 | 81 | 21.6 | |
| Sex | Male | 137 | 36.5 |
| Female | 238 | 63.5 | |
| Residence | Costa del Sol | 292 | 77.9 |
| North Malaga | 83 | 22.1 | |
| Cohabitation | Alone | 85 | 22.8 |
| Accompanied | 290 | 77.2 | |
| Socioeconomic level | Low | 19 | 5.1 |
| Middle | 338 | 90.1 | |
| High | 18 | 4.8 | |
| Social assessment (Gijón scale)1 | Low or normal | 314 | 83.7 |
| Intermediate | 61 | 16.3 | |
| Clinical variables | |||
| BADL (Barthel test)2 | Independent | 257 | 68.5 |
| Mild dependence | 50 | 13.3 | |
| Moderate dependence | 68 | 18.2 | |
| Mental assessment (Pfeiffer test)3 | Normal | 366 | 97.6 |
| Mild impairment | 9 | 2.4 | |
| Emotional state (Goldberg scale)4 | Anxiety | 227 | 60.5 |
| Depression | 128 | 34.1 | |
| Main pathologies | Hypertension | 330 | 88 |
| Dyslipidemia | 244 | 65.1 | |
| Diabetes | 197 | 52.5 | |
| ER5 visits (previous 12 months) | No | 172 | 45.9 |
| Yes | 203 | 54.1 | |
| Medication variables | |||
| Number of medicines | ≥10 | 196 | 52.3 |
| >10 | 179 | 47.7 | |
| Medication adherence (Morisky-Green) | Adherence | 194 | 51.7 |
| Nonadherence | 181 | 48.3 | |
| Drug-related problems (P1, P2)6 | No | 63 | 16.8 |
| Yes | 312 | 83.2 | |
| C7.1- Patient forgot to use/take drug | No | 216 | 57.6 |
| Yes | 159 | 42.4 | |
| C.5.5- Wrong drug taken | No | 363 | 96.8 |
| Yes | 12 | 3.2 | |
| C5.6- Drug abused (unregulated overuse) | No | 187 | 49.9 |
| Yes | 188 | 50.1 | |
| C5.1- Inappropriate timing of administration and/or dosing intervals | No | 142 | 37.9 |
| Yes | 233 | 62.1 | |
| Different brands of medicines | No | 59 | 15.7 |
| Yes | 316 | 84.3 | |
| Identifies medicines with disease | No | 76 | 20.3 |
| Yes | 299 | 79.7 | |
| Quality of life | |||
| Health perception today (about 1 year ago) | Better | 63 | 16.8 |
| Equal | 142 | 37.9 | |
| Worse | 170 | 45.3 | |
| EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) | <60 | 201 | 53.6 |
| ≥60 | 174 | 46.4 |
1Gijón scale (Social risk): < 10: normal or low; 10–16: intermediate; >16: high.
2BADL: Basic activities of daily living. Barthel scale: independent (100); mild dependence (91–99); moderate dependence (61–90).
3Pfeiffer: normal (0–2), mild impairment (3–4).
4Goldberg: anxiety subscale (≥4 risk of anxiety); depression subscale (≥6 risk of depression).
5ER: Emergency room.
6Drug-related problems (DRP) according to PCNE classification V6.2. P1: Treatment effectiveness (There is a (potential) problem with the (lack of) effect of the pharmacotherapy); P2: Adverse reactions (Patient suffers, or will possibly suffer, from an adverse drug event).