Table 5. Comparison of the concentrations of fecal organic acids between patients with stroke and control subjects.

	Concentration (μmol/g)				Detection rate (%)
	Stroke patientsb	Controlsb	p-valuec	qd	Stroke patients	Controls	p-valuee
Acetic acid	54.2 ± 20.3	66.5 ± 17.8	0.003	0.02	100	100	1.00
Propionic acid	17.2 ± 6.6	19.3 ± 7.2	0.28	0.28	100	100	1.00
Butyric acid	10.1 ± 6.1	9.9 ± 7.5	0.60	0.93	100	100	1.00
Isovaleric acid	2.6 ± 1.5	1.9 ± 1.6	0.02	0.19	95	63	0.0003
Valeric acid	2.0 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 0.8	0.003	0.02	83	60	0.03
Succinic acid	0.8 ± 1.2	3.5 ± 10.2	0.40	0.24	85	78	0.40
Formic acid	1.2 ± 1.6	0.9 ± 1.0	0.07	0.51	95	90	0.43
Lactic acid	1.0 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 11.9	0.79	0.51	12	23	0.25

^aDetection rate represents the percentage of fecal samples that contained specific bacterial groups/genera/species above the detection threshold.

^bMeans and standard deviations are indicated.

^cStatistical differences were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test.

^dq values were calculated using the Benjamini and Hochberg method.

^eStatistical differences were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test.