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Potential strategies to prevent dialysis disequilibrium syndrome in high-risk patients
| (1) Limit the first HD session to 2–2.5 h |
| (2) Limit the blood flow to 200–250 ml/min |
| (3) Sodium modeling or a high-sodium dialysate |
| (4) Consider intravenous mannitol (1 g/kg) |
| (5) Consider CRRT in patients at high risk for DDS (traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, intracranial mass) |
HD, hemodialysis; CRRT, continuous RRT; DDS, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
