Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for total population and for each group of the primary outcome with non-adjusted hazard ratio
| Total population
|
Death or readmission (242)
|
No death/readmission (117)
|
Nonadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Characteristics | n | Characteristics | n | Characteristics | ||
| Age, median (range) | 359 | 74 (41–96) | 242 | 75 (41–96) | 117 | 69 (46–91) | 1.026 (1.01–1.04) |
| Male gender (%) | 359 | 195 (54) | 242 | 55.4 | 117 | 52.1 | 1.12 (0.81–1.53) |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| High blood pressure, n (%) | 359 | 201 (56) | 242 | 136 (56) | 117 | 65 (56) | 0.98 (0.76–1.27) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 359 | 65 (18) | 242 | 49 (20) | 117 | 16 (14) | 1.61 (1.17–2.20) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 359 | 108 (30) | 242 | 76 (31) | 117 | 32 (27) | 1.07 (0.82–1.41) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 359 | 75 (21) | 242 | 55 (23) | 117 | 20 (17) | 1.49 (1.10–2.02) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 359 | 54 (15) | 242 | 42 (17) | 117 | 12 (10) | 1.41 (1.016–1.98) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 359 | 66 (18) | 242 | 53 (22) | 117 | 13 (11) | 1.54 (1.14–2.1) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 359 | 18 (5) | 242 | 15 (6) | 117 | 3 (3) | 1.62 (0.96–2.74) |
| Acute/chronic renal failure, n (%) | 359 | 74 (21) | 242 | 54 (22) | 117 | 20 (17) | 1.46 (1.08–1.99) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 359 | 26 (7) | 242 | 22 (9) | 117 | 4 (3) | 1.73 (1.11–2.69) |
| Pulmonary cancer, n (%) | 359 | 17 (5) | 242 | 13 (5) | 117 | 4 (3) | 1.62 (0.92–2.84) |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 359 | 47 (13) | 242 | 36 (15) | 117 | 11 (9) | 1.24 (0.87–1.77) |
| Active smokers, n (%) | 358 | 165 (46) | 242 | 107 (44) | 116 | 58 (50) | 1.02 (0.61–1.70) |
| Pulmonary function | |||||||
| Mild or moderate COPD (FEV1 ≥50%), n (%) | 306 | 93 (30) | 220 | 57 (26) | 86 | 36 (41) | 0.63 (0.47–0.86) |
| Vital parameters at admission | |||||||
| Heart rate (beats per min), median (range) | 335 | 98 (54–220) | 223 | 100 (54–200) | 112 | 93 (59–151) | 1.008 (1.002–1.014) |
| Respiratory rate (1/min), median (range) | 322 | 24 (11–50) | 215 | 26 (11–50) | 107 | 22 (11–42) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
| Weight (kg), median (range) | 328 | 65 (28–138) | 221 | 64 (36–138) | 107 | 67 (28–124) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
| Laboratories values (at admission) | |||||||
| Hemoglobin level (g/L), median (range) | 357 | 137 (71–210) | 242 | 136 (71–210) | 115 | 141 (84–197) | 0.09 (0.98–0.99) |
| Creatinine (g/L), median (range) | 358 | 76 (35–905) | 242 | 77 (36–905) | 116 | 73 (35–318) | 1.003 (1.001–1.004) |
| Potassium (mmol/L), median (range) | 355 | 4.1 (3–6.8) | 240 | 4.1 (3–6.8) | 115 | 4 (3–6.2) | 1.50 (1.20–1.87) |
| Albumin (g/L), median (range) | 174 | 31 (16–40) | 127 | 31 (16–40) | 47 | 32 (19–39) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) |
| PaCO2 (kPa), median (range) | 318 | 5.64 (2.66–17.5) | 216 | 5.78 (2.66–17.5) | 102 | 5.12 (3.37–9.45) | 1.11 (1.032–1.2) |
| pH, median (range) | 318 | 7.41 (6.98–7.63) | 216 | 7.41 (6.98–7.54) | 102 | 7.41 (7.26–7.63) | 0.09 (0.01–0.59) |
| Procalcitonin (µg/L), median (range) | 184 | 0.11 (0.02–240) | 128 | 0.12 (0.03–240) | 56 | 0.1 (0.02–2.35) | 1.006 (0.99–1.013) |
Notes: n: number of available data. P-value in bold when <0.05. Range is minimum–maximum.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide.