Table 2.
Age 11 Model for Estimating Probability of Poor Mental Health for Poverty Variables
| Internalizing Age 11 - Emotional | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Poverty Cycle | + lag value | + controls | |
| Change 5–11: Moved into poverty | 0.0638*** (0.0134) | 0.0479*** (0.0130) | 0.0235 (0.0151) |
| Change 5–11: Moved out of poverty | 0.0562*** (0.0120) | 0.0475*** (0.0117) | 0.0169 (0.0128) |
| Change 5–11: Stayed in poverty | 0.0649*** (0.0118) | 0.0468*** (0.0119) | 0.0202 (0.0150) |
| Age 5 - Poor Emotional Score | 0.285*** (0.0210) | 0.251*** (0.0207) | |
|
| |||
| Internalizing Age 11 - Peer | |||
| Poverty Cycle | + lag value | + controls | |
|
| |||
| Change 5–11: Moved into poverty | 0.0819*** (0.0140) | 0.0585*** (0.0134) | 0.0298* (0.0155) |
| Change 5–11: Moved out of poverty | 0.0640*** (0.0123) | 0.0527*** (0.0121) | 0.0198 (0.0130) |
| Change 5–11: Stayed in poverty | 0.0804*** (0.0122) | 0.0558*** (0.0117) | 0.0183 (0.0149) |
| Age 5 - Poor Peer Score | 0.290*** (0.0181) | 0.258*** (0.0180) | |
|
| |||
| Externalizing Age 11 - Conduct | |||
| Poverty Cycle | + lag value | + controls | |
|
| |||
| Change 5–11: Moved into poverty | 0.126*** (0.0147) | 0.0926*** (0.0143) | 0.0489*** (0.0159) |
| Change 5–11: Moved out of poverty | 0.0619*** (0.0116) | 0.0440*** (0.0110) | −4.15e-06 (0.0119) |
| Change 5–11: Stayed in poverty | 0.113*** (0.0124) | 0.0716*** (0.0119) | 0.0199 (0.0147) |
| Age 5 - Poor Conduct Score | 0.283*** (0.0154) | 0.254*** (0.0154) | |
|
| |||
| Externalizing Age 11 - Hyperactivity | |||
| Poverty Cycle | + lag value | + controls | |
|
| |||
| Change 5–11: Moved into poverty | 0.0777*** (0.0137) | 0.0488*** (0.0128) | 0.0281* (0.0147) |
| Change 5–11: Moved out of poverty | 0.0621*** (0.0121) | 0.0377*** (0.0116) | 0.0109 (0.0122) |
| Change 5–11: Stayed in poverty | 0.0765*** (0.0118) | 0.0371*** (0.0111) | 0.0099 (0.0144) |
| Age 5 - Poor Hyperactivity Score | 0.354*** (0.0155) | 0.318*** (0.0155) | |
In all tables asterisks indicate levels of statistical significance.
is significant at the 1% level,
at the 5% level, and
at the 10% level.
The omitted reference category is never in poverty. The lag value is ‘poor’ mental health at age 5. Additional controls in model 3 include parents’ movement in and out of poor mental health of that type, gender, UK country of origin, ethnicity, parents’ physical health problem, parents malaise at age 5, age parents left full-time education, type of housing tenure at age 7, parents’ work status, breast feeding during first year, child ‘dry’, speech problem, regular bedtime all at age 3, parents’ smoking behaviour, number of younger and older siblings at age 7, and living arrangements of parents. See supplemental Table 3 for details.