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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mech Ageing Dev. 2016 Aug 6;161(Pt B):225–233. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.007

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Autophagy induction in yeast. Under nutrient-rich condition, the activation of both the mTOR1 and PKA pathways results in Atg13 phosphorylation. This in turn inhibits the formation of the Atg1 complex and formation of the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS). PKA and SCH9 pathways also inhibit the expression of the kinase Rim15. Rim15 activity is needed to upregulate genes needed for mitophagy. In addition under nutrient-rich conditions the HOG1 and CWI pathways are not activated. When mitophagy is induced (see text for details) the mTOR1, PKA and SCH9 pathways are inactivated. The resulting dephosphorylated Atg13 can consequently associated with the Atg1 complex. Also inactivation of PKA and SCH9 leads to Rim15 activation and upregulation of ATG specific genes. The HOG1 and CWI pathways are also activated which leads to activation of CK2 and an unknown kinase.