Table 3.

Unique variance in first and second grade reading, and spelling accounted for by kindergarten letter knowledge (LK), kindergarten phonological awareness (PA), and kindergarten rise time (RT) after controlling for age and IQ (R²change and standardized Beta).

First grade					Second grade
	Reading		Spelling		Reading		Spelling
	R2 change	β	R2 change	β	R2 change	β	R2 change	β
PA	0.099	0.404*	0.134	0.469*	0.110	0.425**	0.075	0.352*
LK	0.024	0.194	0.062	0.311*	0.017	0.166	0.063	0.316*
RT	0.068	0.292*	0.007	0.092	0.071	0.298*	0.027	0.184
Total R2	0.491		0.460		0.506		0.484

^*p < 0.050.

^**p < 0.010. ^***p < 0.001.