Table 4.
Functioning by frailty classification: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
| Frailty classification |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust | Prefrail | Frail | p Value* | |
| Cross-sectional, bivariate | ||||
| VLA mean difficulty† | 0.29±0.25 | 0.87±0.45 | 1.34±0.50 | <0.0001 |
| SF-36 Physical Function† | 50.8±7.3 | 39.3±10.0 | 30.4±8.7 | <0.0001 |
| Cognitive, % impaired† | 20.9 (9) | 32.4(23) | 50.0 (14) | 0.04 |
| Cross-sectional, multivariate | ||||
| VLA mean difficulty‡ | (reference) | 0.34 (<0.0001) | 0.62 (<0.0001) | |
| SF-36 Physical Function‡ | (reference) | −5.9 (0.0003) | −10.5 (<0.0001 | |
| Cognitive, % impaired§ | (reference) | 2.6 (0.8 to 8.4) | 5.9 (1.2 to 28.6) | |
| Longitudinal multivariate | ||||
| VLA mean difficulty‡ | (reference) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.31 (0.002) | |
| SF-36 Physical Function‡ | (reference) | −2.4 (0.19) | −6.7 (0.01) | |
| Cognitive, % impaired§ | (reference) | 5.3 (0.5 to 61.0) | 37.3 (1.1 to >999) | |
Cross-sectional multivariate analyses controlled for age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD, SF-36 Pain.
Longitudinal analyses: baseline frailty component/category predicting change in function 2 years later. Controlled for baseline age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD, SF-36 Pain and baseline value of function.
*p Value from analysis of variance or χ2 analysis.
†Values are mean±SD, or % (n).
‡Values are β parameter estimate (p value) from multiple linear regression analysis.
§Values are OR (95% CI) from multiple logistic regression analysis.
BILD, Brief Index of Lupus Damage; SLAQ, Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; VLA, Valued Life Activities.
Bold indicates statistical significance.