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. 2017 Feb 1;4(1):e000186. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2016-000186

Table 5.

Functioning by frailty components: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses

Cross-sectional, bivariate*
Cross-sectional, multivariate†
Longitudinal, multivariate
Frailty component Present VLA mean difficulty SF-36 PF Cognitive VLA mean difficulty SF-36 PF Cognitive VLA mean difficulty SF-36 PF Cognitive
Weight loss No (n=118) 0.69±0.52 42.4±11.3 32.1 (36)
Yes (n=34) 1.15±0.53 35.1±10.7 33.3 (10) 0.19 −1.5 0.9 0.08 −2.3 0.9
p Value‡ <0.0001 0.001 0.99 0.03 0.40 (0.3 to 2.7) 0.23 0.18 (0.1 to 6.8)
Exhaustion No (n=83) 0.49±0.40 46.1±9.8 27.9 (22)
Yes (n=69) 1.17±1.06 34.4±10.2 38.1 (24) 0.38 −4.6 3.2 0.01 0.5 6.8
p Value ‡ <0.0001 <0.0001 0.21 <0.0001 0.005 (1.0 to 9.8) 0.89 0.76 (0.8 to 60.8)
Slow gait No (n=129) 0.75±0.54 41.6±11.2 30.2 (39)
Yes (n=13) 1.22±0.58 32.4±11.4 53.9 (7) 0.09 −1.1 2.0 0.13 −2.2 0.6
p Value ‡ 0.003 0.004 0.12 0.42 0.61 (0.5 to 7.6) 0.13 0.34 (0.1 to 6.3)
Weakness No (n=100) 0.65±0.48 44.2±10.3 27.0 (27)
Yes (n=42) 1.13±0.57 33.2±10.5 45.2 (42) 0.14 −4.1 1.4 0.16 −1.5 6.3
p Value ‡ <0.0001 <0.0001 0.05 0.07 0.01 (0.5 to 3.9 0.01 0.39 (1.0 to 40.3)
Inactive No (n=108) 0.68±0.51 43.3±11.3 28.4 (29)
Yes (n=44) 1.08±0.57 34.5±9.7 42.5 (17) 0.24 −4.7 1.3 0.12 −3.3 1.1
p Value ‡ <0.0001 <0.0001 0.12 0.001 0.002 (0.5 to 3.3) 0.05 0.04 (0.2 to 6.0)

Cross-sectional multivariate analyses controlled for age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD.

Longitudinal analyses: baseline frailty component/category predicting change in function 2 years later.

Controlled for age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD and baseline value of function.

*Values are mean±SD, or % (n).

†Values are β parameter estimate (p value) from multiple linear regression analysis, or OR (95% CI) from multiple logistic regression analysis.

‡p Value from t-test.

BILD, Brief Index of Lupus Damage; SLAQ, Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; VLA, Valued Life Activities.

Bold indicates statistical significance.