Table 5.

Effects of G. pedunculata fruit extract on the serum renal markers.

Biochemical parameters	Control	G. pedunculata treatment group
		250 mg/kg	500 mg/kg	1000 mg/kg
Urea (mmol/L)	5.45 ± 0.54	5.32 ± 0.55	6.05 ± 0.12	4.93 ± 0.70
UA (mmol/L)	45.50 ± 4.79	48.20 ± 2.58	44.50 ± 6.75	45.00 ± 3.55
Crea (mmol/L)	39.75 ± 3.09	37.20 ± 4.81	42.00 ± 1.82	42.25 ± 1.25
Na+ (mmol/L)	141.00 ± 2.58	139.60 ± 6.18	139.50 ± 3.10	142.00 ± 4.39
K+ (mmol/L)	4.12 ± 0.15	4.12 ± 0.50	4.10 ± 0.33	4.02 ± 0.17
Cl− (mmol/L)	101.50 ± 2.64	100.8 ± 3.76	100.75 ± 1.70	99.75 ± 1.70
PO3+ (mmol/L)	2.30 ± 0.29	2.34 ± 0.26	2.25 ± 0.35	2.17 ± 0.23
Ca2+ (mmol/L)	2.12 ± 0.22	2.14 ± 0.27	2.30 ± 0.14	2.27 ± 0.05
Mg2+ (mmol/L)	0.82 ± 0.12	0.92 ± 0.13	0.80 ± 0.08	0.85 ± 0.05

Results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6).