Table 4. Multivariable analysis of factors independently associated with 1-year cause-specific mortality.

	Death from colon cancer (hazard ratio (95% CI))	Death from cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio (95% CI))
Age
<65	Reference	Reference
65–74	1.59 (1.26–2.00)	3.72 (2.29–6.05)
⩾75	2.57 (2.09–3.16)	7.02 (4.44–11.10)
Postoperative complication
Sepsis	2.58 (2.13–3.11)	2.33 (1.81–2.99)
Pneumonia	2.15 (1.39–3.34)	2.37 (1.44–3.89)
Abdominal abscess	1.57 (1.18–2.08)	1.19 (0.77–1.84)
Myocardial infarction	1.49 (1.10–2.03)	1.59 (1.12–2.25)
Gastrointestinal bleeding	1.08 (0.85–1.37)	1.42 (1.08–1.86)
Other patient factors
Comorbidities
Congestive heart failure	1.20 (1.01–1.43)	2.38 (1.95–2.91)
Peripheral vascular disease	0.96 (0.74–1.24)	1.86 (1.44–2.41)
Renal failure	1.11 (0.88–1.39)	1.73 (1.35–2.21)
Anaemia	1.53 (1.27–1.84)	1.03 (0.79–1.34)
Unscheduled admission	1.85 (1.59–2.14)	1.51 (1.23–1.84)
Blood transfusion	1.16 (1.01–1.34)	1.19 (0.98–1.44)
Discharge to healthcare facility	1.50 (1.29–1.75)	2.68 (2.19–3.27)
Oncologic factors
AJCC stage
I	Reference	Reference
II	2.14 (1.66–2.77)	1.10 (0.89–1.37)
III	5.40 (4.20–6.94)	0.97 (0.77–1.23)
Tumour grade
1	Reference	–
2	1.06 (0.78–1.42)	–
3/4	2.24 (1.65–3.04)	–
Unknown	2.01 (1.32–3.07)	–
Receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy	0.66 (0.55–0.78)	–
Operative factors
Type of colectomy
Right	Reference	Reference
Left	1.15 (1.00–1.33)	1.04 (0.86–1.27)
Partial	1.30 (0.94–1.79)	1.13 (0.74–1.73)
Total	1.15 (0.64–2.06)	1.10 (0.51–2.37)
Operative approach
Open	Reference	Reference
Minimally invasive	0.77 (0.63–0.94)	0.89 (0.68–1.16)
Year of surgery
2004–2005	Reference	Reference
2006–2007	0.86 (0.72–1.01)	0.92 (0.74–1.15)
2008–2009	0.92 (0.78–1.10)	0.85 (0.67, 1.09)
2010–2011	0.61 (0.50–0.76)	0.51 (0.38–0.68)
Surgeon factors
Board-certification
Surgery	Reference	Reference
Colorectal surgery	0.77 (0.62–0.94)	0.82 (0.62–1.07)
Annual colon cancer resection volume
Low (1–5)	Reference	Reference
Medium (5–10)	0.86 (0.74–1.01)	1.11 (0.89–1.38)
High (>10)	0.83 (0.71–0.98)	1.09 (0.87–1.37)