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. 2017 Feb 7;7:42248. doi: 10.1038/srep42248

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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(A) Symbiotic phenotypes of transgenic plants 49 days after inoculation with M. loti. MAFF303099. Hairy roots expressing vector pU1301 served as controls. Two independent transgenic plants were chosen for Photography. Bars = 5 mm. (B) Mean numbers of nodules per plant, lengths of stem per plant and fresh weights of the aboveground tissues per plant with a standard deviation (SD) of L. japonicus expressing pMUb: Glyma18g12240 (Gm18g12240-OX) or the empty vector pU1301 (CK) 49 days after inoculation with M. loti. The numbers of nodules in the scored plants is indicated in parentheses; “★★” indicates a significant difference between them. P-Values, 0.026 (a); 0.362 (b); 0.184 (c). (C) Paraffin-embedded slides stained with toluidine blue in the control and Gm18g12240-OX 49 day post-inoculation (dpi) nodules. The lengths of the two nodules were measured by Pannoramic viewer. The red box and the red arrow indicate a small senescent zone in the control 49 dpi nodules. (D) Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the transcript levels of Glyma18g12240 in the control and Gm18g12240-OX hairy roots. (E) qPCR analysis of the transcript levels of NIN, Enod40 and Lb in the control and Gm18g12240-OX hairy roots. Total RNA isolated from the root system was used for qPCR. Relative expression levels of NIN, Enod40 and Lb transcripts in Gm18g12240-OX hairy roots were calculated with reference to those of the control hairy roots.