Table 6.
Logistic model estimation for likelihood of incurring Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) [incurred CHE = 1, 0 = otherwise]
| Catastrophic expenditure due to healthcare OOP costs as the dependent variable | Catastrophic expenditure due to healthcare and transport OOP costs as the dependent variable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Standard error | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Standard error | P Value |
| Age of household head (reference = less than 25 years) | ||||||
| 25 years–34 years | 1.30 (1.05–1.62) | 0.15 | 0.02 | 1.20 (1.00–1.45) | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| 35 years–44 years | 1.50 (1.08–2.08) | 0.25 | 0.02 | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) | 0.21 | 0.01 |
| 45 years–54 years | 1.88 (1.31–2.71) | 0.35 | 0.00 | 1.60 (1.17–2.18) | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| over 55 years | 1.72 (1.15–2.58) | 0.36 | 0.01 | 1.61 (1.14–2.28) | 0.29 | 0.00 |
| Gender of household head (reference = female) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) | 0.08 | 0.94 | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.08 | 0.28 |
| Employment status of household head (reference = employed) | 1.75 (1.42–2.16) | 0.19 | 0.00 | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) | 0.15 | 0.00 |
| Socio-economic status (reference = quintile 5 (richest)) | ||||||
| Quintile 4 | 1.57 (1.09–2.27) | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1.56 (1.15–2.13) | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 3 | 2.65 (1.83–3.84) | 0.50 | 0.00 | 2.57 (1.87–3.53) | 0.42 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 2.79 (1.97–3.95) | 0.49 | 0.00 | 3.22 (2.39–4.35) | 0.49 | 0.00 |
| Quintile 1 (Poorest) | 5.61 (3.83–8.22) | 1.09 | 0.00 | 6.81 (4.99–9.28) | 1.08 | 0.00 |
| Household size | (1.00–1.11) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Proportion of household members with health insurance cover | 1.44 (1.00–2.08) | 0.27 | 0.05 | 1.25 (0.91–1.72) | 0.20 | 0.17 |
| Chronic disease diagnosis in the household (reference = no chronic disease) | 2.24 (1.87–2.68) | 0.20 | 0.00 | 2.03 (1.75–2.34) | 0.15 | 0.00 |
| Presence of at least one elderly(>60 years) member in the household (reference = no elderly member) | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 0.17 | 0.04 | 1.23 (1.01–1.51) | 0.13 | 0.04 |
| Number of healthcare facilities in the county | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.00 | 0.12 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.00 | 0.39 |
| Per capita total health expenditure in the county | 1.00 (1.00–1.02) | 0.01 | 0.65 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| Region (reference = rural region) | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | 0.06 | 0.00 |
| Marginalization status of the county (reference = non marginalized) | 1.38 (1.14–1.67) | 0.13 | 0.00 | 1.51 (1.29–1.78) | 0.13 | 0.00 |