Fig. 3.

Evaluation of YMS-EA and reference drugs against acute H₂O₂ challenge mediated anti-proliferation and apoptosis in BRIN-BD11 cells. a BRIN-BD11 cells were treated with H₂O₂ for 2 h, and then the medium was replaced with culture medium. The cell proliferation assay (WST-1) was performed at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 8). ^a p < 0.05, ^b p < 0.01, ^c p < 0.001 versus time 0. b Cell proliferation activity at the end of 48 h in the culture medium with YMS-EA (100 μg/ml), AG (2 mM), Met (100 μM) or Trox (100 μM) after acute H₂O₂ (250 μM) challenge. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 8). ^a p < 0.05, ^b p < 0.01, ^c p < 0.001 versus no treatment after H₂O₂ challenge. c The population of necrotic or apoptotic cells was evaluated at 24 h after acute H₂O₂ (250 μM) challenge. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4). ^b p < 0.01, ^c p < 0.001 versus the corresponding population with no treatment after H₂O₂ challenge. d Apoptotic cell population in the presence of test agents at 24 h after H₂O₂ (250 μM) challenge. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4)