Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for maternal SES and different ASD categories
| Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted* OR (95 % CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total ASD | ||||||
| Upper white collar workers (ref) | 550 (15.86) | 2267 (16.35) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Lower white collar workers | 1490 (42.96) | 6311 (45.51) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.516 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.466 |
| Blue collar workers | 744 (21.45) | 2848 (20.54) | 1.1 (0.95–1.2) | 0.239 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.552 |
| Others | 684 (19.72) | 2442 (17.61) | 1.2 (1.01–1.3) | 0.032 | 1.2 (1.009–1.3) | 0.036 |
| Childhood autism | ||||||
| Upper white collar workers (ref) | 122 (13.68) | 543 (15.37) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Lower white collar workers | 404 (45.29) | 1598 (45.24) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.367 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.418 |
| Blue collar workers | 192 (21.52) | 729 (20.64) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.246 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.282 |
| Others | 174 (19.51) | 662 (18.74) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.304 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.177 |
| Asperger’s syndrome | ||||||
| Upper white collar workers (ref) | 244 (20.15) | 764 (15.60) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Lower white collar workers | 541 (44.67) | 2265 (46.23) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.003 | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.005 |
| Blue collar workers | 179 (14.78) | 1015 (20.72) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | <0.001 |
| Others | 247 (20.40) | 855 (17.45) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.209 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.836 |
| PDD-NOS | ||||||
| Upper white collar workers (ref) | 184 (13.48) | 960 (17.66) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Lower white collar workers | 545 (39.93) | 2448 (45.02) | 1.2 (0.98–1.4) | 0.085 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.334 |
| Blue collar workers | 373 (27.33) | 1104 (20.31) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | <0.001 |
| Others | 263 (19.27) | 925 (17.01) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.018 |
OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval,
*
Adjusted for maternal age, paternal age, maternal psychiatric disorder, paternal psychiatric disorder, parental intellectual disability, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parity and weight for gestational age.