Table 2.
APOBEC characteristics and their involvement in cancer mutagenesis.
| APOBEC Family Member | Mutation Motif Preference | Cellular Localization | Expression Correlates with TCW Mutations in Tumors | Evidence for Mutation during Transcription | Evidence for Mutation during Replication | Evidence for Mutation during DSB Repair | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID | WRC | Cytoplasmic | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | [112,113,114,115,116] |
| APOBEC1 | TCW | Pan Cellular | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC2 | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC3A | TCW | Pan Cellular | Yes | Limited | Yes | Yes | [116,117,118] |
| APOBEC3B | TCW | Nuclear | Yes | Limited | Yes | Yes | [116,117] |
| APOBEC3C | TCW | Pan Cellular | No | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC3D/E | TCW | Cytoplasmic | No | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC3F | TCW | Cytoplasmic | No | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC3G | CC | Cytoplasmic | N/A | Limited | Yes | N.d. | [116] |
| APOBEC3H | TCW | Cytoplasmic | No | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
| APOBEC4 | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ˗ |
N.d. = Not determined; DSB = DNA Double Strand Break; W = A or T; R = A or G; Mutated base is underlined.