Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics for the rural men of the study population according to the lowest and highest tertiles of the three nutrient patterns (PC).
| Thiamine, Zinc and Plant Protein Driven Nutrients | Fat and Animal Protein Driven Nutrients | Retinol and Vitamin B12 Driven Nutrients | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T3 | p | T1 | T3 | p | T1 | T3 | p | |
| Age | 47.95 ± 9.99 | 50.19 ± 10.69 | 0.156 | 48.43 ± 9.97 | 51.42 ± 11.45 | 0.057 | 49.66 ± 10.01 | 49.57 ± 9.95 | 0.954 |
| Body Mass Index | 20.86 ± 4.15 | 20.54 ± 4.31 | 0.606 | 20.86 ± 3.99 | 20.94 ± 4.65 | 0.894 | 20.30 ± 3.57 | 20.95 ± 4.19 | 0.297 |
| Total energy | 4693.60 ± 1584.26 | 10,637.00 ± 2887.76 | <0.001 | 6319.63 ± 3228.51 | 8220.85 ± 3228.51 | <0.001 | 7164.14 ± 2975.31 | 7855.83 ± 3672.65 | 0.159 |
| Alcohol (%TE) | 5.98 ± 9.40 | 13.82 ± 13.70 | <0.001 | 11.19 ± 13.41 | 5.70 ± 9.16 | 0.002 | 6.65 ± 11.23 | 9.19 ± 11.79 | 0.159 |
| Protein (%TE) | 11.51 ± 2.69 | 10.76 ± 1.53 | 0.014 | 10.09 ± 1.43 | 12.19 ± 2.33 | <0.001 | 10.64 ± 1.69 | 11.50 ± 2.48 | 0.005 |
| Current Smokers (%) | 32.4 | 35.9 | 0.636 | 40.0 | 26.2 | 0.003 | 31.7 | 31.7 | 0.577 |
| Physical Activity Index | 8.25 ± 1.64 | 8.02 ± 1.44 | 0.380 | 8.03 ± 1.65 | 7.99 ± 1.79 | 0.861 | 7.92 ± 1.61 | 7.97 ± 1.63 | 0.847 |
| Tertiary education (%) | 44.2 | 20.9 | 0.141 | 23.3 | 37.2 | 0.514 | 27.9 | 37.2 | 0.451 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol·L−1) | 4.90 ± 0.93 | 4.68 ± 0.90 | 0.113 | 4.75 ± 0.79 | 4.96 ± 1.24 | 0.138 | 4.94 ± 2.41 | 4.75 ± 0.78 | 0.190 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.59 ± 0.52 | 5.51 ± 0.81 | 0.386 | 5.49 ± 0.34 | 5.62 ± 0.97 | 0.169 | 5.57 ± 0.83 | 5.53 ± 0.49 | 0.678 |
p = p value based on ANOVA or Chi-square test where appropriate; Alcohol (%TE) = percentage of total energy due to alcohol intake; Protein (%TE) = percentage of total energy due to protein intake; T1 = lowest tertile; T3 = highest tertile; TE = total energy; HbA1C = glycated haemoglobin.