. 2016 Dec 29;9(1):10. doi: 10.3390/nu9010010

Table 1.

Plasma proteinogenic AA concentrations during the periparturient period in cows supplemented with or without rumen-protected MET and CHOL.

	MET		CHOL			Day				p-Value ²
AA (µM)	Without	With	Without	With	SEM ¹	−10	4	14	28	MET ³	CHOL ⁴	Time	M × T ⁵	C × T ⁶
Essential AA
Arginine	54.75	60.43	57.99	57.05	1.75	58.58 ^ab	48.47 ^c	63.29 ^a	60.92 ^ab	0.02	0.69	<0.01	0.05	0.96
Histidine	52.38	54.55	54.04	52.87	1.18	57.28 ^a	53.53 ^b	52.30 ^b	50.92 ^b	0.19	0.49	<0.01	0.13	0.17
Isoleucine	95.58	103.61	100.64	98.40	4.42	98.18	95.54	106.87	97.83	0.19	0.72	0.18	0.07	0.36
Leucine	153.31	161.79	152.70	162.43	6.69	151.35 ^b	153.51 ^b	173.18 ^a	152.92 ^b	0.35	0.31	0.03	0.27	0.31
Lysine	60.99	68.74	63.47	66.06	2.45	66.75 ^ab	57.56 ^c	70.47 ^a	64.91 ^b	0.02	0.47	<0.01	0.03	0.85
Methionine	18.65	28.95	24.04	23.55	0.83	22.75 ^c	25.25 ^a	24.92 ^ab	22.27 ^c	<0.01	0.68	<0.01	0.14	0.17
Phenylalanine	46.64	47.09	45.88	47.86	1.02	45.00 ^b	47.64 ^b	51.16 ^a	43.97 ^b	0.75	0.17	<0.01	0.26	0.92
Threonine	72.55	78.67	75.93	75.30	2.50	71.87	72.22	78.70	79.66	0.09	0.86	0.07	0.01	0.52
Tryptophan	22.26	25.04	22.68	24.61	0.64	24.56 ^ab	19.44 ^c	25.08 ^a	25.50 ^a	<0.01	0.04	<0.01	0.42	0.63
Valine	226.77	244.54	229.16	241.99	9.32	230.11	223.02	249.41	240.25	0.17	0.33	0.08	0.26	0.31
BCAA ⁷	476.69	510.97	483.71	503.55	19.87	480.67	473.17	530.28	491.93	0.21	0.48	0.08	0.19	0.27
EAA	827.12	896.20	849.22	874.1	25.54	848.26 ^bc	816.78 ^bc	921.2 ^a	860.39 ^ab	0.06	0.50	0.03	0.08	0.32
Met%EAA	2.26	3.18	2.73	2.64	0.09	2.59 ^b	3.04 ^a	2.62 ^b	2.52 ^b	<0.01	0.41	<0.01	0.11	0.23
Non-essential AA
Alanine	187.39	206.37	198.37	195.39	5.55	188.83 ^b	175.45 ^c	211.30 ^a	211.95 ^a	0.02	0.71	<0.01	0.05	0.32
Asparagine	34.90	39.63	37.78	36.61	1.48	27.82 ^c	34.08 ^b	45.67 ^a	44.19 ^a	0.02	0.56	<0.01	0.22	0.42
Aspartate	4.21	4.79	4.24	4.76	0.21	4.91 ^a	3.78 ^b	4.80 ^a	4.57 ^a	0.04	0.07	<0.01	0.59	0.14
Glutamate	35.93	38.34	36.44	37.81	1.04	44.24 ^a	32.17 ^d	37.84 ^b	35.24 ^c	0.10	0.36	<0.01	0.54	0.38
Glutamine	246.22	259.53	257.92	247.82	6.18	278.17 ^a	252.84 ^b	242.52 ^b	237.96 ^b	0.15	0.25	<0.01	0.21	0.29
Glycine *	426.83	406.23	427.39	405.67	15.10	236.99 ^c	456.97 ^b	536.19 ^a	435.98 ^b	0.35	0.31	<0.01	0.92	0.22
Proline	72.30	78.24	74.03	76.50	2.02	59.19 ^c	67.52 ^b	90.21 ^a	84.15 ^a	0.04	0.39	<0.01	0.35	0.74
Serine	86.62	88.92	88.67	86.87	2.28	73.88 ^c	90.85 ^b	100.78 ^a	85.57 ^b	0.48	0.58	<0.01	0.16	0.49
Tyrosine	40.82	43.39	40.78	43.43	1.53	42.03 ^a	36.26 ^b	46.32 ^a	43.80 ^a	0.24	0.24	<0.01	0.08	0.94
NEAA ⁸	1114.59	1151.58	1153.58	1112.59	24.79	946.13 ^c	1136.83 ^b	1301.27 ^a	1177.00 ^b	0.29	0.24	<0.01	0.36	0.23
TAA ⁹	1926.95	2052.97	1995.87	1982.22	41.32	1781.41 ^d	1947.89 ^bc	2215.47 ^a	2035.97 ^b	0.03	0.82	<0.01	0.10	0.53
Met%TAA	0.94	1.37	1.15	1.13	0.04	1.20 ^a	1.25 ^a	1.06 ^b	1.05 ^b	<0.01	0.64	<0.01	0.14	0.23
Lys%TAA	3.22	3.47	3.26	3.42	0.10	3.84 ^a	3.02 ^c	3.23 ^bc	3.29 ^b	0.08	0.28	<0.01	0.13	0.85

* Significant (p < 0.05) parity effect observed. Labeled means in a row without a common superscript letter differ (p < 0.05). ¹ Greatest SEM; ² MET × CHOL interaction was included in the supplemental file; ³ Overall effect of MET supplementation; ⁴ Overall effect of CHOL supplementation; ⁵ Interaction of MET × time; ⁶ Interaction of CHOL × time; ⁷ Branched-chain AA; ⁸ Non-essential AA; ⁹ Total AA.