AA	Amino acids
BCAA	Branched-chain AA
KIC	α-ketoisocaproate
HMB	β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
CP	Crude protein
SID	Standardized ileal digestible
LD	Longissimus dorsi
BW	Body weights
PAH	p-amino hippurate
CSA	Cross-sectional areas
IRMS	Isotope ratio mass spectrometry
MPE	Mole percent excess
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
S6K1	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1
Akt	Protein kinase B
LC3	Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
NE	Net energy