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Pathway of nitric oxide (NO) production from beetroot juice supplementation. Nitrate (NO3−) is reduced to nitrite (NO2−) by anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity and then to NO in the stomach. NO3− and remaining NO2− are absorbed from the intestine into the circulation, which can become bioactive NO in tissues and blood. NO induces several physiological functions improving skeletal muscle function and, consequently, increasing cardiorespiratory performance.
