Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) for wasted and severely wasted children aged 0–59 months.
| Characteristics | Wasted Children 0–59 Months | Severely Wasted Children 0–59 Months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Odd Ratio (95% CI) | p | Adjusted Odd Ratio (95% CI) | p | Unadjusted Odd Ratio (95% CI) | p | Adjusted Odd Ratio (95% CI) | p | |
| Community Level Factors | ||||||||
| Type of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Rural | 1.05 (0.86, 1.28) | 0.641 | 0.72 (0.59, 0.89) | 0.001 | 1.07 (0.81, 1.41) | 0.641 | 0.71 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.013 |
| Geopolitical Zones | ||||||||
| North Central | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| North East | 1.73 (1.38, 2.17) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.19, 1.91) | 0.001 | 2.07 (1.46, 2.94) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.31, 2.66) | 0.001 |
| North West | 2.59 (2.09, 3.22) | <0.001 | 2.42 (1.93, 3.03) | <0.001 | 3.60 (2.62, 4.95) | <0.001 | 3.17 (2.28, 4.40) | <0.001 |
| South East | 0.98 (0.77, 1.23) | 0.837 | 0.81 (0.63, 1.05) | 0.112 | 0.91 (0.63, 1.32) | 0.613 | 0.69 (0.47, 1.04) | 0.074 |
| South West | 0.92 (0.72, 1.16) | 0.473 | 0.88 (0.69, 1.12) | 0.285 | 0.82 (0.56, 1.21) | 0.316 | 0.75 (0.51, 1.10) | 0.143 |
| South South | 0.78 (0.62, 0.98) | 0.031 | 0.67 (0.52, 0.85) | 0.001 | 0.61 (0.42, 0.87) | 0.007 | 0.49 (0.33, 0.71) | <0.001 |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||
| Mother’s education | ||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary | 0.65 (0.57, 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 0.160 | 0.53 (0.44, 0.63) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.66, 0.98) | 0.002 |
| Secondary and above | 0.54 (0.47, 0.62) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.67, 0.94) | 0.007 | 0.47 (0.38, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) | 0.014 |
| Father’s education | ||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary | 0.67 (0.58, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | 0.120 | 0.57 (0.47, 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.095 |
| Secondary and above | 0.57 (0.50, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.39, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.53, 0.79) | <0.001 |
| Watching TV | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | 1.28 (1.13, 1.46) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.68, 0.88) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.08, 1.57) | 0.005 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.82) | <0.001 |
| Proximate determinants | ||||||||
| Maternal factors | ||||||||
| Mother’s BMI | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| 18.5–25 | 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.64, 0.90) | 0.002 | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) | 0.005 | ||
| 25+ | 0.48 (0.39, 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.56, 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.43, 0.74) | <0.001 | ||
| Delivery factors | ||||||||
| Type of delivery assistance | ||||||||
| No one | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Traditional birth attendant | 1.85 (1.59, 2.15) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.11, 1.73) | 0.004 | 2.25 (1.79, 2.82) | <0.001 | ||
| Relatives or other | 1.77 (1.53, 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.14, 1.80) | 0.002 | 2.08 (1.74, 2.49) | <0.001 | ||
| Health professional | 1.84 (1.55, 2.19) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.88, 1.41) | 0.367 | 2.39 (1.88, 3.04) | <0.001 | ||
| Combined Place/mode of delivery | ||||||||
| Home delivery | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Health facility with non-caesarean | 0.59 (0.52, 0.67) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.92, 1.37) | 0.254 | 0.47 (0.39, 0.57) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) | 0.017 |
| Health facility with caesarean | 0.31 (0.20, 0.46) | <0.001 | 0.61 (0.39, 0.94) | 0.025 | 0.24 (0.14, 0.43) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.24, 0.79) | 0.007 |
| Child factors | ||||||||
| Sex of child | ||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 0.88 (0.81, 0.95) | 0.001 | 0.83 (0.77, 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94) | 0.002 | 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) | <0.001 |
| Perceived birth size | ||||||||
| Small | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Average | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.017 | 0.72 (0.60, 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.96) | 0.018 |
| Large | 0.60 (0.52, 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.57, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.48, 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.53, 0.77) | <0.001 |
| Child had fever in last two weeks | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 0.312 | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) | 0.003 | 0.81 (0.68, 0.98) | 0.028 | ||
| Child’s age in months | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | <0.001 |
Independent variables adjusted for are: Type of residence, geopolitical zones, wealth index, mother’s working status, maternal education, fathers occupation, father’s education, marital status, mother’s literacy, source of drinking water, reading newspaper, listening to radio, watching TV, mother’s age, mother’s age at birth, type of delivery assistance, combined place and mode of delivery, antenatal clinic visits, timing of postnatal check-up, currently breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding, birth order, preceding birth interval, sex of child, perceived birth size, child’s age in months, child had diarrhoea recently, child had fever in last two weeks.