Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants (visit 1) in the whole-grain (WG) and refined-grain (RG) groups (mean values and standard deviations (SD)).
| RG Group (n = 88) | WG Group (n = 81) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 35.3 | 8.7 | 36.2 | 10.1 |
| Height (cm) | 164.6 | 6.7 | 163.0 | 6.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.5 | 8.1 | 80.2 | 7.2 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.1 | 2.0 | 30.2 | 1.9 |
| Total body fat (%) | 44.5 | 4.8 | 45.5 | 4.4 |
| Abdominal body fat (%) | 45.6 | 7.4 | 45.6 | 6.7 |
| Whole-grain intake (g/day) | 13.5 | 29.9 | 13.0 | 25.3 |
| Current smokers (n) | 28 | 20 | ||
| Caucasian/Black/Asian/other (n/n/n/n) | 81/5/1/1 | 76/4/0/1 | ||