Table 2.
Dietary intake data from 3-day food records of the participants at baseline (visit 1) and during the last week of the dietary intervention (visit 4) in the whole-grain (WG) and refined-grain (RG) groups (mean values and standard deviations (SD)).
| Baseline | During Dietary Intervention | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RG Group (n 88) | WG Group (n 81) | RG Group (n 88) | WG Group (n 81) | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1759 | 472 | 1823 | 541 | 1402 | 396 | 1331 | 321 |
| Protein (E%) | 18.0 | 3.5 | 17.2 | 3.7 | 17.4 | 3.3 | 18.2 | 3.5 |
| Fat (E%) | 37.2 | 5.9 | 38.7 | 7.3 | 31.9 | 7.5 | 28.9 * | 5.7 |
| Carbohydrates (E%) | 43.2 | 6.6 | 42.6 | 7.0 | 50.0 | 7.3 | 51.9 | 8.4 |
| Dietary fibre (g/day) | 13.6 | 5.2 | 13.8 | 5.1 | 13.3 | 4.1 | 18.5 * | 5.2 |
| Whole grain intake (g/day) | 13.5 | 29.9 | 13.0 | 25.3 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 124 * | 29 |
* Indicate significantly different changes in WG compared to RG group; p < 0.05.