| 1,25(OH)2D3 | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 |
| 5-FU | 5-Fluorouracil |
| ABC | ATP binding cassette |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| BMP | Bone morphogenetic protein |
| CAMKK | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase |
| CMF | Cyclophosphamide—Methotrexate—5-Flurouracil |
| CR | Cytokine receptor |
| CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
| CTR1 | Copper transporter 1 |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FOLFOX | 5-Flurouracil—Folinic acid—Oxaliplatin |
| HIF1α | Hypoxia-Inducible factor 1-α |
| LKB1 | Liver-kinase B1 |
| MATE | Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| OCT | Organic cation transporter |
| P-gp | P-glycoprotein |
| PCa | Pancreatic cancer |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RXR | Retinoid X receptor |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TKI | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| Trx | Thioredoxin |
| TrxR | Thioredoxin reductase |
| TXNIP/VDUP1 | Thioredoxin-interacting protein/vitamin D3-upregulated protein 1 |
| VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
| VDRE | Vitamin D response elements |
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