Table 4.
Source of variance | SPAD index |
Maximum quantum use efficiency PSII (Fv/Fm) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 DAT | 20 DAT | 36 DAT | 13 DAT | 20 DAT | 36 DAT | |
Nutrient solution (N) | ∗∗ | ∗∗∗ | ∗∗∗ | ∗∗∗ | ∗∗∗ | ∗∗ |
Biostimulant (B) | ∗∗∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗∗ | ns | ∗ |
N × B | ns | ns | ns | ns | ∗ | ns |
Nutrient solution | ||||||
Standard | 34.9a | 36.4a | 34.4a | 0.79a | 0.87 | 0.86a |
Alkaline | 31.2b | 35.6a | 33.7a | 0.78a | 0.86 | 0.86a |
Saline | 31.0b | 31.4b | 28.8b | 0.74b | 0.81 | 0.81b |
Biostimulant | ||||||
No application | 28.3c | 33.2b | 30.0c | 0.75b | 0.84 | 0.83b |
Tablet | 33.4b | 34.4ab | 32.8b | 0.78a | 0.85 | 0.84ab |
Tablet + PH | 35.4a | 35.8a | 34.2a | 0.79a | 0.85 | 0.85a |
N × B | ||||||
Standard solution without biostimulant | 29.4 | 35.4 | 33.9 | 0.77 | 0.86a | 0.85 |
Standard solution + Tablet | 36.9 | 36.0 | 34.2 | 0.80 | 0.87a | 0.86 |
Standard solution + Tablet + PH | 38.5 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 0.81 | 0.87a | 0.87 |
Alkaline solution without biostimulant | 28.7 | 34.6 | 31.1 | 0.76 | 0.86a | 0.85 |
Alkaline solution + Tablet | 31.4 | 35.3 | 34.6 | 0.78 | 0.86a | 0.86 |
Alkaline solution + Tablet + PH | 33.5 | 37.0 | 35.5 | 0.79 | 0.87a | 0.86 |
Saline solution without biostimulant | 26.8 | 29.6 | 25.1 | 0.71 | 0.79b | 0.78 |
Saline solution + Tablet | 32.0 | 31.9 | 29.5 | 0.75 | 0.83ab | 0.81 |
Saline solution + Tablet + PH | 34.1 | 32.7 | 31.9 | 0.77 | 0.82ab | 0.83 |
ns, ∗, ∗∗, ∗∗∗ Non-significant or significant at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. Different letters within each column indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (P = 0.05). Tablet = microbial-based biostimulant ‘Click Horto’ containing 200 spores/tablet of R. irregularis BEG72 plus 4.5 × 107 CFU/tablet of T. atroviride MUCL45632; PH = plant derived-protein hydrolysate ‘Trainer.’