TABLE 1.
Prevalence of characteristics among adults aged ≥18 yearsa and by sex and race/ethnicity—National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, United States
| All (N = 5759), % (95% CI) | Men (N = 2721), % (95% CI) | Women (N = 3038), % (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic white (N = 2444), % (95% CI) | Non-Hispanic black (N = 1664), % (95% CI) | Mexican-American (N = 1651), % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| 18–44 | 59.5 (56.4–62.6) | 62.3 (59.1–65.6) | 56.8 (53.1–60.5) | 57.1 (53.5–60.8) | 68.8 (65.5–72.1) | 76.0 (72.7–79.4) |
| 45–64 | 27.6 (25.2–29.9) | 26.6 (24.1–29.0) | 28.6 (25.5–31.6) | 28.9 (26.1–31.7) | 22.5 (19.6–25.5) | 18.5 (15.6–21.4) |
| ≥65 | 12.9 (11.4–14.4) | 11.1 (9.5–12.7) | 14.6 (12.7–16.6) | 14.0 (12.3–15.7) | 8.7 (7.1–10.3) | 5.5 (4.5–6.4) |
| Education (respondents aged ≥25 years) | ||||||
| <High school diploma | 20.9 (18.6–23.2) | 21.8 (18.7–24.9) | 20.1 (17.9–22.3) | 17.5 (15.0–20.1) | 29.3 (26.2–32.3) | 58.5 (55.3–61.7) |
| High school diploma | 34.1 (31.8–36.5) | 30.8 (27.7–33.8) | 37.2 (34.2–40.3) | 34.4 (31.7–37.1) | 37.1 (33.2–41.0) | 23.3 (20.3–26.3) |
| Some college | 21.6 (19.4–23.9) | 21.6 (18.2–25.0) | 21.7 (18.6–24.8) | 22.4 (19.9–24.9) | 20.2 (17.4–23.0) | 12.3 (9.3–15.4) |
| ≥College degree | 23.3 (20.9–25.8) | 25.9 (22.7–29.1) | 21.0 (18.2–23.8) | 25.7 (23.0–28.4) | 13.4 (10.8–16.0) | 5.9 (4.2–7.6) |
| Smoking statusb | ||||||
| Current | 28.8 (26.8–30.8) | 31.5 (29.4–33.6) | 26.3 (23.2–29.3) | 28.6 (26.2–31.1) | 33.1 (30.3–35.9) | 22.5 (19.4–25.7) |
| Former | 26.4 (24.6–28.2) | 32.1 (29.2–35.0) | 21.1 (18.8–23.3) | 28.4 (26.4–30.3) | 16.0 (13.3–18.7) | 18.6 (15.6–21.5) |
| Never | 44.8 (43.0–46.6) | 36.4 (33.6–39.2) | 52.6 (49.9–55.4) | 43.0 (40.9–45.1) | 50.9 (47.3–54.4) | 58.9 (55.5–62.3) |
| Alcohol consumption categoriesc | ||||||
| None | 41.6 (37.9–45.2) | 30.6 (25.9–35.2) | 51.9 (48.1–55.8) | 39.7 (35.5–44.0) | 52.8 (50.2–55.4) | 46.6 (42.4–50.7) |
| <3 drinks per week | 26.7 (24.3–29.1) | 25.5 (22.6–28.4) | 27.7 (24.3–31.2) | 27.6 (24.8–30.4) | 21.1 (19.0–23.1) | 24.3 (20.8–27.7) |
| ≥3 drinks per week | 31.8 (29.1–34.5) | 43.9 (39.9–47.9) | 20.4 (17.4–23.3) | 32.7 (29.5–35.9) | 26.2 (24.0–28.4) | 29.2 (26.2–32.2) |
| Physical activityd | ||||||
| Active | 44.2 (40.9–47.4) | 48.1 (44.0–52.2) | 40.5 (36.7–44.2) | 45.4 (41.8–49.1) | 40.9 (37.9–44.0) | 31.9 (27.9–35.9) |
| Inactive | 55.8 (52.6–59.1) | 51.9 (47.8–56.0) | 59.5 (55.8–63.3) | 54.6 (50.9–58.2) | 59.1 (56.0–62.1) | 68.1 (64.1–72.1) |
| Medication use fore: | ||||||
| High cholesterol | 2.5 (1.9–3.1) | 2.3 (1.6–3.0) | 2.7 (1.8–3.5) | 2.7 (1.9–3.4) | 1.8 (1.2–2.4) | 1.0 (0.5–1.4) |
| Hypertension | 10.3 (9.1–11.6) | 8.2 (6.7–9.7) | 12.3 (10.7–13.9) | 10.2 (8.7–11.6) | 13.9 (11.5–16.3) | 5.5 (4.3–6.6) |
| Diabetes | 2.4 (1.8–3.0) | 2.8 (2.0–3.7) | 2.0 (1.4–2.7) | 2.2 (1.5–2.9) | 3.9 (3.0–4.8) | 3.1 (2.3–3.9) |
| Metabolic syndrome (harmonized definition)f | 27.3 (25.2–29.3) | 28.4 (25.0–31.8) | 26.2 (23.6–28.8) | 27.7 (25.3–30.2) | 22.1 (19.9–24.2) | 30.7 (27.7–33.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.3 (0.3) | 95.1 (0.4) | 87.7 (0.5) | 91.1 (0.4) | 92.1 (0.4) | 92.2 (0.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120.9 (0.4) | 123.8 (0.5) | 118.2 (0.6) | 120.8 (0.5) | 122.6 (0.7) | 118.8 (0.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 73.9 (0.2) | 76.4 (0.4) | 71.5 (0.2) | 73.8 (0.3) | 75.3 (0.4) | 73.0 (0.4) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 50.6 (0.4) | 45.7 (0.5) | 55.2 (0.5) | 50.2 (0.5) | 54.9 (0.6) | 47.9 (0.5) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 252.5 (31.0) | 294.8 (39.4) | 212.6 (34.9) | 258.7 (33.2) | 203.5 (31.1) | 262.8 (35.7) |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 99.5 (0.5) | 102.6 (0.6) | 96.6 (0.7) | 99.1 (0.5) | 101.1 (1.3) | 102.4 (0.8) |
| Person-years of follow-up | 14.3 (0.2) | 14.2 (0.2) | 14.3 (0.2) | 14.2 (0.3) | 14.2 (0.2) | 14.5 (0.3) |
Participants were excluded if they were: pregnant women; missing anthropometric, laboratory, or blood pressure measurements; fasting less than 8 h; or medical history of cancer (all cancers except skin cancer) or CVD (coronary heart disease, heart attack, or stroke).
Smoking status defined as: current smokers (self-reported current smoker), former smoker (100+ cigarettes in lifetime and not current smoker), and never smoker (has not smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime and not current smoker).
Alcohol consumption defined as first having at least 12 alcohol drinks in the past 12 months to distinguish between drinkers and nondrinkers. Among those who had at least 12 alcoholic drinks, an average number of drinks per week was calculated and categorized as <3 or ≥3 drinks per week.
Physical activity was categorized as active or inactive. Active was defined as at least 30 min of: moderate physical activity at least five times per week or vigorous physical activity at least three times per week.
Self-reported medication use.
Metabolic syndrome NHLBI definition is defined as having three or more of the following characteristics: (1) systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, (2) fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, (4) HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl for men or <50 mg/dl for women, or (5) waist circumference ≥102 cm for men or ≥88 cm for women.
CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error.