Table 1.

Effect of feeding a control lower-energy diet (CON, 1.24 Mcal/kg DM; high-straw) during the whole dry period (~50 d), a higher-energy (1.54 Mcal/kg DM) diet without (OVE) rumen-protected methionine during the last 21 d before calving, or OVE plus rumen-protected methionine (Smartamine M; OVE + SM; Adisseo NA) from -21 d before calving through the first 30 d postpartum on hepatic gene expression (relative mRNA abundance, log₂ back-transformed LSM) in Holstein cows

	Diet1				P-value3
	CON	OVE	OVE + SM	SE2	D	T	D*T
Energy metabolism
IGF1	1.91	1.97	2.41	0.22	0.19	<.0001	0.17
PC	0.24	0.23	0.20	0.02	0.24	<.0001	0.09
PCK1	0.33a	0.25b	0.31a	0.02	0.03	0.10	0.59
PDK4	0.34	0.31	0.78	0.37	0.35	0.03	0.98
Fatty acid oxidation, Lipoprotein and Cholesterol synthesis
ACOX1	1.34	1.21	1.27	0.07	0.41	0.75	0.61
APOB	1.93	1.67	1.82	0.11	0.22	0.32	0.42
BBOX1	0.39	0.36	0.38	0.02	0.61	0.04	0.96
CPT1A	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.01	0.89	<.0001	0.49
HMGCS2	1.13	1.00	0.93	0.10	0.32	0.22	0.56
MTTP	1.48a	1.50a	1.28b	0.08	0.05	0.02	0.84
PPARA	0.43	0.40	0.46	0.02	0.16	<.0001	0.03
SLC22A5	2.89	2.92	3.08	0.29	0.88	<.0001	0.14
TMLHE	0.42	0.40	0.41	0.02	0.68	0.003	0.39
Hepatokines
ANGPTL4	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.002	0.34	<.0001	0.03
FGF21	0.27	0.13	0.22	0.07	0.15	0.005	0.0006
Methionine cycle and methylation
BHMT	1.13	0.96	1.02	0.11	0.54	0.002	0.70
BHMT2	0.38	0.45	0.37	0.04	0.20	0.21	0.57
DNMT1	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.001	0.53	0.03	0.64
DNMT3A	0.99a	1.26b	1.20b	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.91
MAT1A	1.46	1.55	1.52	0.08	0.71	0.09	0.86
MTR	0.05a	0.03b	0.04ab	0.002	0.01	0.31	0.65
PEMT	0.33	0.29	0.30	0.02	0.31	0.07	0.95
SAHH	1.39	1.25	1.39	0.06	0.17	0.0003	0.0009
Antioxidant system
CBS	1.41	1.66	1.51	0.11	0.27	0.08	0.93
CSAD	0.23	0.26	0.22	0.04	0.64	0.0004	0.36
CTH	0.45	0.46	0.45	0.02	0.93	0.24	0.86
GCLC	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.004	0.80	0.01	0.35
GPX1	1.39	1.37	1.39	0.10	0.99	0.04	0.77
GSR	0.28	0.30	0.26	0.02	0.11	<.0001	0.11
GSS	0.45	0.49	0.46	0.02	0.34	0.78	0.95
SOD1	3.56	3.64	3.40	0.12	0.27	0.07	0.52
SOD2	4.06	4.08	4.10	0.21	0.99	0.92	0.53
Inflammatory response
CP	2.48	2.13	2.37	0.22	0.49	0.003	0.85
HP	0.18	0.13	0.14	0.09	0.89	0.01	0.48
NFKB1	2.29	2.14	2.48	0.14	0.25	0.04	0.83
RXRA	0.57	0.56	0.58	0.03	0.86	0.20	0.66
SAA2	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.002	0.68	0.02	0.95
SOCS2	2.09	1.84	2.26	0.24	0.44	0.16	0.60
STAT3	1.38	1.42	1.39	0.11	0.96	0.05	0.43
STAT5B	2.30	2.26	2.45	0.07	0.15	0.002	0.07

¹Prepartum dietary treatment: CON = control energy, OVE = moderate energy, OVE + SM = OVE supplemented with rumen-protected methionine (Smartamine M, Adisseo Inc.)

²SE = greatest standard error of the mean

³D = diet, T = time, D*T = diet by time interaction

^{a, b}Significant difference among dietary groups (P ≤ 0.05). Differences reported for genes with a significant (P ≤ 0.05) Diet effect