Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants (n = 19).
| Variable | n (%) or Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 19 (100.0) |
| Weight status | |
| Underweight | 5 (26.3) |
| Normal | 8 (42.1) |
| Overweight | 3 (15.8) |
| Obese | 3 (15.8) |
| Employment status | |
| Part-time job | 2 (10.5) |
| Retired | 17 (89.5) |
| Education level | |
| Uneducated | 3 (15.8) |
| Elementary school | 10 (52.6) |
| Junior high school or above | 6 (31.6) |
| Regular exercise | |
| No | 14 (73.7) |
| Yes | 5 (26.3) |
| Cigarette smoking | |
| Quit | 14 (73.7) |
| Current smoker | 5 (26.3) |
| Family smoking | |
| No | 10 (52.6) |
| Yes | 8 (42.1) |
| Sometimes | 1 (5.3) |
| Whether the window was open or not | |
| Always open | 10 (52.6) |
| Always closed | 8 (42.1) |
| Sometimes | 1 (5.3) |
| Disease severity * | |
| Moderate | 6 (31.6) |
| Severe | 8 (42.1) |
| Very severe | 5 (26.3) |
| Age (years) | 72.6 ± 6.8 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 6.7 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 1.00 ± 0.11 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) # | 5.7 ± 1.1 |
| FEV1 at 1st visit (%) | 42.4 ± 15.0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) duration (years) | 5.1 ± 2.9 |
Note: * Based on guideline of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), moderate (79% ≤ FEV1 predicted ≤ 50%); severe (49% ≤ FEV1 predicted ≤ 30%); very severe (FEV1 predicted < 30%). # Higher CCI scores indicate a higher level of burden of disease.