Table 3.
Association between PM10 and the symptoms and activities of daily living of COPD patients.
| Variable | Outdoor | Living Room | Bedroom | Kitchen | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal # (obs = 43) | Abnormal * (obs = 40) | B | Normal # (obs = 46) | Abnormal * (obs = 37) | B | Normal # (obs = 50) | Abnormal * (obs = 33) | B | Normal # (obs = 46) | Abnormal * (obs = 37) | B | |
| Respiratory Symptoms | ||||||||||||
| Cough | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | −0.25 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | −0.26 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | −0.08 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 1.8 | −0.06 |
| Phlegm | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | −0.07 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | −0.24 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 0.04 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 0.02 |
| Dyspnea | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 0.40 | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 0.39 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 0.13 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 0.25 |
| Wheezing | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 0.43 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 0.36 * | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0.18 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 0.38 * |
| Total | 11.4 ± 5.1 | 12.5 ± 4.2 | 0.40 | 11.6 ± 5.0 | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 0.30 | 12.0 ± 4.9 | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 0.32 | 11.3 ± 5.2 | 12.7 ± 4.0 | 0.51 |
| CAT | ||||||||||||
| physical | 7.6 ± 4.4 | 8.0 ± 4.1 | −0.16 | 7.5 ± 4.3 | 8.2 ± 4.1 | 0.29 | 7.8 ± 4.3 | 7.8 ± 4.1 | 0.67 | 7.2 ± 4.2 | 8.5 ± 4.1 | 0.47 |
| psycho | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 3.4 ± 2.8 | 0.20 | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 0.41 | 2.9 ± 2.5 | 3.2 ± 2.8 | 0.10 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 0.67 |
| Total | 10.3 ± 6.5 | 11.4 ± 6.5 | 0.00 | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 11.6 ± 6.6 | 0.65 | 10.7 ± 6.5 | 11.1 ± 6.5 | 0.75 | 9.8 ± 6.1 | 12.2 ± 6.7 | 1.10 |
| London ADL | ||||||||||||
| Self-care | 20.3 ± 5.3 | 20.4 ± 4.4 | 0.67 | 20.2 ± 5.1 | 20.6 ± 4.5 | 0.49 | 19.8 ± 5.3 | 21.2 ± 3.9 | 1.27 | 20.5 ± 5.1 | 20.2 ± 4.5 | 0.20 |
| Domestic | 18.8 ± 15.2 | 20.8 ± 12.3 | 3.28 | 18.3 ± 15.0 | 21.7 ± 12.2 | 4.07 | 19.0 ± 14.2 | 21.0 ± 13.5 | 4.15 | 17.8 ± 15.3 | 20.2 ± 11.5 | 4.95 |
| Sport | 3.8 ± 2.6 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | −0.09 | 3.9 ± 2.5 | 4.0 ± 2.2 | −0.32 | 4.1 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | −0.69 | 3.8 ± 2.5 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | −0.22 |
| Leisure | 1.3 ± 2.1 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.32 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.58 | 1.4 ± 2.1 | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 0.28 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.52 |
| Total | 44.3 ± 15.4 | 46.9 ± 12.5 | 4.09 | 43.6 ± 14.8 | 48.9 ± 12.9 | 5.58 * | 44.3 ± 14.1 | 47.4 ± 13.9 | 5.34 | 43.4 ± 15.1 | 48.2 ± 12.4 | 6.18 * |
Note: B = regression coefficient derived from the GEE model with adjustment for age at baseline, FEV1 predicted at each visit, smoking status, and whether the window was open or not; obs = observation; # Normal: Daily mean or 24-h maximum of PM10 is below 125 μg/m3, and that of PM2.5 is below 35 μg/m3; * Abnormal: Daily mean or 24-h maximum of PM10 is above 125 μg/m3, and that of PM2.5 is above of 35 μg/m3; * p < 0.05.