Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of control variables.
| Control Variables | DQI (<−20) | DQI (−20~−10) | DQI (−10~0) | DQI (>0) | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD 1 | Mean | SD 1 | Mean | SD 1 | Mean | SD 1 | Mean | SD 1 | |
| Income | 6648 | 9053 | 8581 | 10,930 | 10,155 | 11,998 | 10,335 | 12,606 | 8821 | 11,255 |
| Activity level 2 | 3.24 | 0.88 | 2.95 | 0.90 | 2.78 | 0.88 | 2.57 | 0.80 | 2.90 | 0.90 |
| Education 3 | 1.82 | 0.76 | 1.98 | 0.78 | 2.10 | 0.79 | 2.19 | 0.78 | 2.02 | 0.79 |
| Age | 42.19 | 10.66 | 42.75 | 10.33 | 43.03 | 10.35 | 43.15 | 10.05 | 42.75 | 10.37 |
| Gender 4 | ||||||||||
| Male (%) | 13.66 | 0.00 | 10.42 | 0.00 | 9.87 | 0.00 | 12.95 | 0.00 | 46.90 | 0.00 |
| Female (%) | 15.57 | 0.00 | 12.29 | 0.00 | 11.18 | 0.00 | 14.06 | 0.00 | 53.10 | 0.00 |
| BMI | 23.38 | 3.56 | 23.51 | 3.69 | 23.61 | 3.98 | 23.73 | 3.89 | 23.55 | 3.77 |
| Children ratio | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
| Old people ratio | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.13 |
| Family size | 4.47 | 1.75 | 4.22 | 1.70 | 3.98 | 1.57 | 3.78 | 1.48 | 4.12 | 1.66 |
| Householder status | ||||||||||
| Activity level 2 | 3.16 | 1.12 | 2.81 | 1.19 | 2.60 | 1.20 | 2.32 | 1.14 | 2.73 | 1.20 |
| Education 3 | 1.79 | 0.76 | 1.95 | 0.78 | 2.08 | 0.79 | 2.17 | 0.78 | 1.99 | 0.79 |
| Age | 45.98 | 8.87 | 46.13 | 8.69 | 46.47 | 8.66 | 46.32 | 8.38 | 46.21 | 8.65 |
| Gender 4 | ||||||||||
| Male (%) | 19.96 | 0.00 | 15.30 | 0.00 | 14.77 | 0.00 | 18.46 | 0.00 | 68.49 | 0.00 |
| Female (%) | 9.27 | 0.00 | 7.42 | 0.00 | 6.28 | 0.00 | 8.54 | 0.00 | 31.51 | 0.00 |
| Cook status | ||||||||||
| Activity level 2 | 3.04 | 1.09 | 2.68 | 1.14 | 2.45 | 1.12 | 2.19 | 1.07 | 2.61 | 1.15 |
| Education 3 | 1.64 | 0.73 | 1.83 | 0.78 | 1.95 | 0.80 | 2.04 | 0.81 | 1.86 | 0.79 |
| Age | 43.70 | 8.50 | 44.25 | 8.33 | 44.70 | 8.08 | 44.89 | 7.96 | 44.36 | 8.24 |
| Currently smoking 2 | ||||||||||
| Yes (%) | 8.15 | 0.00 | 6.49 | 0.00 | 6.04 | 0.00 | 7.66 | 0.00 | 28.35 | 0.00 |
| No (%) | 21.07 | 0.00 | 16.22 | 0.00 | 15.01 | 0.00 | 19.35 | 0.00 | 71.65 | 0.00 |
| Region 4 | ||||||||||
| South (%) | 13.06 | 0.00 | 12.67 | 0.00 | 12.56 | 0.00 | 16.56 | 0.00 | 54.85 | 0.00 |
| North (%) | 16.17 | 0.00 | 10.05 | 0.00 | 8.49 | 0.00 | 10.45 | 0.00 | 45.15 | 0.00 |
| Urbanization index 5 | 59.20 | 19.15 | 65.56 | 19.71 | 69.82 | 19.57 | 74.26 | 18.27 | 66.95 | 20.01 |
| Number of observations | 4043 | 3142 | 2912 | 3736 | 13,833 | |||||
1 SD: standard deviation; 2 Physical activity levels (1 = very light physical activity, working in asitting position; 2 = lightphysical activity, working in a standing position; 3 = moderate physical activity; 4 = heavy physical activity; and 5 = veryheavy physical activity); 3 Education (1 = primary education; 2 = secondary education; 3 = tertiary education); 4 Mean is measured in percentage; 5 Defined by a multidimensional 12-component urbanization index, which captures the population density, physical, social, cultural and economic environment.