Table 2.
Type of BZD misused by patients, daily dosage, misuse duration, other drugs of misuse and coexisting psychiatric conditions.
| Variable | Type of BZD Misuse | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Patients (n = 267) | Active BZD ^ (n = 218) | Active Poly-Drug (n = 49) | ||
| Active principle † | 0.015 * | |||
| Lormetazepam | 187 (70.0%) | 156 (71.6%) | 31 (63.3%) | |
| Alprazolam | 22 (8.2%) | 17 (7.8%) | 5 (10.2%) | |
| Zolpidem | 22 (8.2%) | 20 (9.2%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
| Lorazepam | 12 (4.5%) | 6 (2.8%) | 6 (12.2%) | |
| Bromazepam | 10 (3.7%) | 7 (3.2%) | 3 (6.1%) | |
| Triazolam | 4 (1.5%) | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (4.1%) | |
| Other BZDs | 10 (3.7%) | 10 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| DDDE (mg) ‡ | 394.5 ± 392.0 | 406.2 ± 401.1 | 365.9 ± 324.5 | n.s. |
| Misuse duration (mos) | 74.9 ± 69.8 | 75.7 ± 72.1 | 71.4 ± 58.3 | n.s. |
| Other drugs of misuse § | n.a. | |||
| Alcohol | 39/33/29 | 25/27/0 | 14/6/29 | |
| Opioids | 70/26/5 | 37/15/0 | 33/11/5 | |
| Cocaine | 47/43/11 | 29/23/0 | 18/20/11 | |
| Cannabinoids | 57/35/9 | 32/20/0 | 25/15/9 | |
| Barbiturates | 96/3/1 | 50/1/0 | 46/2/1 | |
| Psychiatric diseases ¶ | 164 (61.4%) | 125 (57.3%) | 39 (79.6%) | 0.004 * |
| Major depression | 145 (54.3%) | 125 (45.9%) | 20 (40.8%) | n.s. |
| Other psychoses | 28 (10.5%) | 15 (11.7%) | 13 (26.5%) | <0.001 * |
| Personality disorders | 22 (8.2%) | 13 (6.0%) | 9 (18.4%) | 0.009 * |
DDDE: Daily diazepam dose equivalent. mos: Months. n.s.: Not significant. n.a.: Not applicable. † Main BZD in case of misuse of different BZDs. ‡ Sum of all the DDDEs in case of poly BZD misuse. § Other drugs of misuse: No/previous/active. ¶ Psychiatric diseases: Coexisting major conditions excluding anxiety disorders and mild depression. ^ Active BZD: BZD only misuse + Previous poly-drug misuse. * Significant statistical comparison (p < 0.05).