(A and B) Mice (7 mice, 6 weeks old) were sc injected with HPNE/empty vector and HPNE/SATB2 cDNA cells (1 × 106 cells mixed with Matrigel, 50:50 ratio, 100 μl total volume) into the right and left flanks, respectively. After 37 days, mice were sacrificed, and tumor volume and weight were measured. Data represent mean (n = 7) ± SD. * = significantly different from HPNE/empty vector group/control (P < 0.05). (C) A tumor-bearing mice. Left flank - HPNE/SATB2 cells formed tumor, Right flank - no tumor formation by HPNE/empty vector cells. (D) Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues. Tumor tissues were harvested from HPNE/SATB2 groups as described above and immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the expression of SATB2, Oct-4, Nanog, c-Myc and Sox-2. IgG was used as a negative control.