Table 1. Mouse models used in this study.

Mouse models	Genotypes	Background	References
K14 HPV-8*	K14 HPV-8	C57/Bl6	[16]
K14 HPV-8/K14 N17Rac1	K14 HPV-8; K14 N17Rac1	C57/Bl6	[16, 17]
K14 HPV-8	K14 HPV-8	FVB/N	[16]
K14 L61Rac1	K14 L61Rac1	FVB/N	[19]
K14 HPV-8/ K14 L61Rac1	K14 HPV-8; K14 L61Rac1	FVB/N	[16, 19]
K14 HPV-8/ Rac1-EKO	K14 HPV-8; K14 Cre; Rac1 fl/fl	FVB/N	[16–18]
K14 HPV-8/ Rac1-EKOhet	K14 HPV-8; K14 Cre; Rac1 fl/+	FVB/N	[16–18]

^*K14 HPV-8 mice in C57/Bl6 background were used as controls with K14 HPV-8/K14 N17Rac1 mice in C57/Bl6 background. All other mice were used in FVB/N background.

K14 HPV-8: complete early region of HPV-8 expressed under the control of K14 promoter. K14 N17Rac1: Dominant negative mutant of Rac1 expressed under the control of K14 promoter. K14 L61Rac1: Constitutively active mutant of Rac1 expressed under the control of K14 promoter. Rac1-EKO and Rac1-EKO^het: Cre recombinase expressed under the control of K14 promoter with two floxed alleles of Rac1 (Rac1-EKO) or one floxed allele and one wild type allele (Rac1-EKO^het).