Figure 1.

Defecation and male mating circuitry. (A) Connectivity of defecation circuit in the hermaphrodite. Adapted from White et al. (1986). (B) Connectivity of the defecation and mating circuitry in the male. Adapted from Jarrell et al. (2012). (C and D) Males protract their copulatory spicules following defecation. Dorsal is to the top, anterior to the right. Scale bar = 100 µm. (C) Image of a free-moving male with his spicules inside the cloaca. (D) Image of the male protracting his spicules following expulsion. adp, anal depressor; dBWM, dorsal body wall muscle; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; ger, gubernaculum erector; grt, gubernaculum retractor; ob, obliques; pro, protractor; sph, sphincter; vBWM, ventral body wall muscle.