Table 2. Demographics, etiology, staging, liver disease, imaging characteristics and laboratory findings of the patients with advanced (BCLC C) HCC before 1st TACE treatment and corresponding survivals from 1st TACE.
| Parameters | Values N | Median Survival (months) (95% CI@) | P value from log rank test |
|---|---|---|---|
| [I] DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
| Total number of BCLC C HCC patients | 238 | 16.2 (11.7, 20.7) | |
| Age at Diagnosis (yrs) | |||
| Mean(SD) | 62.4 (10.9) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 179 (75.2%) | 15.8 (10.7, 20.9) | 0.77 |
| Female | 59 (24.8%) | 17.7 (7, 28.5) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 156 (65.5%) | 19.5 (12.9, 26) | 0.08 |
| African American | 53 (22.3%) | 17.8 (8.3, 27.3) | |
| Others | 29 (12.2%) | 13 (8.8, 17.1) | |
| [II] ETIOLOGY | |||
| 1. Hepatitis C | 146 (61.3%) | 15.3 (9.6, 21.1) | 0.1 |
| 2. Hepatitis B | 19 (8.0%) | 8.8 (5.1, 12.5) | |
| 3. Alcohol | 17 (7.2%) | 30.8 (1, 61.7) | |
| 4. Cryptogenic cirrhosis | 33 (13.8%) | 19.5 (1.3, 37.7) | |
| 5. Other causes of chronic liver disease | 9 (3.8%) | 20.8 (6.5, 35.1) | |
| 6. No cirrhosis | 14 (5.9%) | 11.8 (3.8, 16.2) | |
| [III] STAGINGS | |||
| Okuda staging | |||
| I | 112 (47.1%) | 25.6 (19.5, 31.7) | <0.0001 |
| II | 126 (52.9%) | 10.1 (8.2, 12.0) | |
| Cancer of the Italian Liver Program staging | |||
| Early | 31 (13.0%) | 34.5 (28.1, 40.8) | <0.0001 |
| Intermediate | 188 (79.0%) | 13.6 (9.5 17.7) | |
| Advanced | 19 (8.0%) | 4.5 (3.6, 5.4) | |
| ECOG Perfomance status | |||
| 0 | 45 (18.9%) | 20.0 (6.5, 33.5) | 0.005 |
| 1 | 155 (65.1%) | 17.7 (12.7, 22.8) | |
| >1 | 38 (16.0%) | 7.3 (3.5, 11.1) | |
| Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging System | |||
| 1. IIa | 74 (31.1%) | 28 (16.3, 39.7) | <0.0001 |
| 2. IIb | 27 (11.3%) | 24.2 (14.3, 34.1) | |
| 3. IIIa | 19 (8.0%) | 9.4 (8.1, 21.3) | |
| 4. IIIb | 25 (10.5%) | 12.9 (10.1, 15.8) | |
| 5. IVa | 37 (15.5%) | 9.3 (7.3, 11.3) | |
| 6. IVb | 18 (7.6%) | 11.3 (7.5, 15) | |
| 7. Va | 18 (7.6%) | 15.1 (0.7, 29.4) | |
| 8. Vb | 20 (8.4%) | 6.2 (2.5, 10) | |
| [IV] ADJUVANT SORAFENIB THERAPY | |||
| Present | 48 (20.2%) | 17.2 (10.2, 21.5) | 0.92 |
| Absent | 190 (79.8%) | 15.8 (6.2, 28.2) | |
| [V] LIVER DISEASE | |||
| Child-Pugh class | |||
| A | 132 (55.5%) | 22.3 (16.2, 28.3) | 0.004 |
| B | 106 (44.5%) | 10.9 (7.7, 14.1) | |
| Cirrhosis | |||
| Present | 224 (94.1%) | 16.2 (11.7 20.7) | 0.83 |
| Absent | 14 (5.9%) | 11.8 (3.8, 16.2) | |
| Ascites | |||
| Absent | 177 (74.4%) | 21.0 (15.5, 26.5) | 0.001 |
| Present | 61 (25.6%) | 9.5 (7.7, 11.3) | |
| Portal hypertension | |||
| Absent | 85 (35.7%) | 19.9 (10.3, 29.4) | 0.005 |
| Present | 153 (64.3%) | 12.9 (8.3, 17.5) | |
| [VI] TUMOR MORPHOLOGY | |||
| Tumor locations | |||
| Unilobar | 164 (68.9%) | 19.5 (13.4, 25.5) | 0.057 |
| Bilobar | 74 (31.1%) | 11.1 (6.5, 15.7) | |
| Type of HCC on Imaging | |||
| 1. Typical feature of HCC | 183 (76.9%) | 17.2 (12.2, 22.1) | <0.0001 |
| 2. Blood products containing HCC | 7 (2.9%) | 9.4 (8.4, 10.4) | |
| 3. Fat containing HCC | 12 (5.1%) | 34 (28.4, 39.5) | |
| 4. Fibrolamellar HCC | 2 (0.8%) | 15.3 | |
| 5. Infiltrative HCC | 29 (12.2%) | 4.5 (2.3, 6.8) | |
| 6. Mixed features of HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 5 (2.1%) | 17.7 (12.7, 21.7) | |
| Number of tumors | |||
| Solitary | 114 (47.9%) | 22.9 (18.5 27.4) | 0.018 |
| Two HCCs | 54 (22.7%) | 11.3 (6.7, 15.8) | |
| >2 HCCs | 70 (29.4%) | 11.8 (7.1, 16.6) | |
| Size of index tumor | |||
| <4cm | 102 (42.8%) | 21.7 (17.1, 26.4) | 0.12 |
| 4–8 cm | 88 (37.0%) | 15.9 (8.6, 23.1) | |
| >8 cm | 48 (20.2%) | 10.3 (6.7, 13.7) | |
| Portal vein thrombosis | |||
| Present | 77 (32.3%) | 10.1 (6.7, 13.5) | 0.002 |
| Absent | 161 (67.7%) | 20 (14.3, 25.7) | |
| Extra-hepatic metastasis | |||
| Present | 44 (18.5%) | 8.8 (5.7, 11.9) | <0.0001 |
| Absent | 194 (81.5%) | 19.9 (15.1, 24.7) | |
| [VII] LABORATORY FINDINGS | |||
| Total serum bilirubin level (mg/dl) | |||
| < 2 | 206 (86.6%) | 18.8 (14.4, 23.2) | 0.004 |
| 2 to 3 | 25 (10.5%) | 7.7 (4.3, 11.3) | |
| >3 | 7 (2.9%) | 10.1 (0.4, 22) | |
| Serum Albumin level (mg/dl) | |||
| >3.5 | 64 (26.9%) | 28 (17.2, 38.8) | <0.0001 |
| 2.8 to 3.5 | 123 (51.7%) | 16.2 (9.9, 22.5) | |
| <2.8 | 51 (21.4%) | 8.9 (4.0, 13.8) | |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) | |||
| <1.2 | 196 (82.4%) | 17.7 (11.5, 24) | 0.04 |
| >1.2 | 42 (17.6%) | 11.8 (8.7, 15) | |
| International normalized ratio (INR) | |||
| <1.5 | 224 (94.1%) | 17.7 (12.9, 22.6) | 0.02 |
| >1.5 | 14 (5.9%) | 6.7 (1.6, 11.8) | |
| Serum Alpha Fetoprotein level(ng/dl) | |||
| <400 | 170 (71.4%) | 21.7 (16.6, 26.8) | <0.0001 |
| >400 | 68 (28.6%) | 6.8 (5.4, 8.2) | |
CI@—Confidence interval.