Table 4.

Association between percent change (%) of cytokine and symptom response

Cytokine	Non-response			Response			p–Value (Wilcoxon rank sum)
	N	Median of % change	Mean of % change	N	Median of % change	Mean of % change
Fatigue
EGF	73	−59.2	−26.7	15	−70.4	−43.0	0.85
IFN-γ	75	−48.6	−9.5	13	−40.0	18.5	0.39
IL-1	54	−72.3	−28.1	8	−9.8	91.9	0.023
IL-1β	53	−54.8	180.1	11	−29.3	34.5	0.64
IL-1Ra	44	−43.7	67.0	12	−35.0	79.0	0.68
IL-6	73	−53.0	−14.7	14	−67.2	9.7	0.54
IL-8	79	−53.5	36.1	14	−47.3	5.4	0.53
TGF-α	75	−60.2	−28.4	15	−60.5	−20.2	0.97
TNF-α	77	−44.8	−10.6	14	−29.4	−23.3	0.82
VEGF	75	−30.7	−0.2	15	−16.3	−20.0	0.68
Depression
EGF	68	−61.8	−27.2	20	−58.1	−41.0	0.75
IFN-γ	70	−59.4	−24.1	18	22.9	66.7	0.005
IL-1	47	−74.7	−13.6	15	−17.9	−10.7	0.007
IL-1β	44	−69.2	212.5	19	−27.0	28.8	0.08
IL-1Ra	38	−44.9	68.4	17	−21.1	76.0	0.56
IL-6	65	−59.1	−14.9	22	−55.9	−2.0	0.67
IL-8	71	−59.6	40.4	22	−39.8	0.2	0.38
TGF-α	69	−60.2	−26.0	21	−62.3	−34.5	0.94
TNF-α	69	−45.7	−18.4	22	−35.2	4.0	0.55
VEGF	69	−38.3	−8.2	21	1.1	9.5	0.045

Abbreviations: EGF, epidermal growth factor; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; TGF-α, transforming growth factor-α; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.