Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of children.
| ADHD (n = 17) | Control (n = 17) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SEM) | Mean (SEM) | t | df | p | d | |
| Age | 11.3 (0.4) | 11.1 (0.2) | 0.49 | 32 | 0.629 | 0.17 |
| PDS | 3.5 (0.2) | 3.2 (0.1) | 1.12 | 32 | 0.270 | 0.39 |
| IQ | 102.4 (3.1) | 108.8 (2.7) | –1.54 | 32 | 0.134 | –0.53 |
| DCS | 39.8 (1.6) | 44.7 (1.6) | –2.13 | 32 | 0.041 | –0.73 |
| SSR | 25.3 (1.1) | 21.8 (0.9) | 2.47 | 32 | 0.019 | 0.85 |
| CSHQ | 43.7 (1.2) | 39.0 (0.9) | 3.21 | 32 | 0.003 | 1.10 |
| CBCL int. | 62.1 (2.0) | 53.1 (2.2) | 3.05 | 32 | 0.005 | 1.05 |
| CBCL ext. | 69.7 (1.2) | 48.9 (2.0) | 9.02 | 32 | <0.001 | 3.09 |
| CBCL total | 70.5 (1.2) | 50.7 (2.0) | 8.68 | 26.5∗ | <0.001 | 2.98 |
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; SEM, standard error of mean; PDS, Pubertal Development Scale; IQ, intelligence quotient as measured by the Culture Fair Test 2; DCS, visuospatial memory as measured with the Diagnosticum für Cerebralschädigung; SSR, Sleep Self-Report for children; CSHQ, Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire for parents; CBCL int., internalizing behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL ext., externalizing behavior scale of the Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL total, total score of the Child Behavior Checklist; ∗ If a Levene test indicated inhomogeneous variances we used the Cochran and Cox adjustment for the standard error and corrected the degrees of freedom according to Satterthwaite.