Table 3.

Encoding and reversal performance.

	ADHD			Control
	Wake Mean (SEM)	Sleep Mean (SEM)	Difference Mean (SEM)	Wake Mean (SEM)	Sleep Mean (SEM)	Difference Mean (SEM)
Encoding	0.846 (0.034)	0.818 (0.036)	0.027 (0.028)	0.850 (0.034)	0.829 (0.036)	0.021 (0.036)
Reversal	0.543 (0.053)	0.634 (0.067)	-0.092 (0.090)	0.650 (0.053)	0.408 (0.067)	0.242 (0.114)
Difference	0.303 (0.065)∗∗∗	0.184 (0.072)+	0.119 (0.095)	0.200 (0.065)∗	0.421 (0.072)∗∗∗	-0.221 (0.114)∗
Effect size d	1.12	0.62	0.28	0.74	1.42	-0.51

Relative frequencies of correct choices of the target islands are reported. Encoding refers to the learning blocks prior to the retention intervals. After the retention intervals, during reversal learning the reinforcement schedule is reversed and the formerly “correct” islands become “wrong” and vice versa. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; SEM, standard error of mean; ⁺p = 0.055; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.