Table 1. Clinical features of the elderly participants.
| Clinical features | Negative (n = 23) | Trace to 1+ (n = 77) | 2+ to higher (n = 36) | P1 value | Positive (n = 113) | P2 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Demographic profiles | ||||||
| Age (years) | 79.1 ± 9.9 | 81.3 ± 8.1 | 80.4 ± 7.2 | 0.52 | 80.1 ± 7.8 | 0.31 |
| Gender (male %) | 10 (43) | 38 (49) | 20 (56) | 0.66 | 58 (51) | 0.5 |
|
Comorbidities (%) | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (4) | 33 (43) | 19 (53) | <0.01 | 52 (46) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 10 (43) | 47 (61) | 21 (58) | 0.33 | 68 (60) | 0.14 |
| Cirrhosis | 2 (9) | 4 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.82 | 6 (5) | 0.53 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (9) | 3 (4) | 6 (17) | 0.07 | 9 (8) | 0.91 |
| Old myocardial infarction | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.69 | 1 (1) | 0.65 |
| Heart failure | 2 (9) | 16 (21) | 5 (14) | 0.35 | 21 (19) | 0.25 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0) | 9 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.02 | 9 (8) | 0.16 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (13) | 8 (10) | 4 (11) | 0.94 | 12 (11) | 0.74 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 13 (17) | 13 (36) | <0.01 | 26 (23) | 0.01 |
| Rheumatologic disorders | 0 (0) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.21 | 4 (4) | 0.36 |
| Malignancy | 5 (22) | 21 (27) | 9 (25) | 0.86 | 30 (27) | 0.63 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 2 (9) | 4 (5) | 6 (17) | 0.14 | 10 (9) | 0.98 |
| Old stroke | 4 (17) | 18 (23) | 6 (17) | 0.66 | 24 (21) | 0.68 |
| Dementia or Parkinsonism | 0 (0) | 15 (19) | 4 (11) | 0.06 | 19 (17) | 0.03 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 8 ± 2.2 | <0.01 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | <0.01 |
|
Vital signs on admission | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141.7 ± 44.8 | 136.4 ± 36.1 | 130 ± 39.7 | 0.49 | 134.3 ± 37.2 | 0.41 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.1 ± 24.3 | 74 ± 19.6 | 72.7 ± 20.8 | 0.37 | 73.6 ± 19.9 | 0.17 |
| Heart rate (/minute) | 93.7 ± 16.8 | 98.9 ± 21.2 | 93.9 ± 22.3 | 0.38 | 97.3 ± 21.6 | 0.45 |
|
Laboratory parameters on admission | ||||||
| Leukocyte count (K/μL) | 9.8 ± 6.2 | 11.7 ± 5.8 | 15.1 ± 6.7 | <0.01 | 12.8 ± 6.3 | 0.04 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 12.6 ± 11.5 | 10.5 ± 2.7 | 0.49 | 11.9 ± 9.6 | 0.74 |
| Platelet count (K/μL) | 228 ± 117 | 232 ± 95 | 208 ± 110 | 0.51 | 225 ± 100 | 0.88 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 0.01 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | 0.01 |
| Serum sodium (meq/L) | 134 ± 4 | 132 ± 6.9 | 134 ± 7.8 | 0.36 | 133 ± 7.2 | 0.59 |
| Serum potassium (meq/L) | 4.6 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1 | 0.09 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 0.33 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables, and number (percentage) for categorical variables.
P1: comparison between participants with different severity of proteinuria.
P2: comparison between participants with and without proteinuria.