Figure 1.

Schematic depiction of the marked progress that has been made in our understanding of the functional organization of the human brain since 1990. Black circles indicate the approximate locations of long-known primary sensory and motor regions. Top, Before the invention of fMRI, only a few regions of the cortex were clearly implicated in specific mental functions (from studies of patients with focal brain damage) and the precise anatomical location of these regions was not known. Bottom, Research over the last quarter century has identified dozens of cortical regions for which extensive and widely replicated results from fMRI implicate that region in a specific mental function.