Fig. 3.

a Forest plot of a meta-analysis of EST studies comparing patients with BPD with NPs. Positive effects denote stronger AB in BPD for BPD-specific and personally relevant negative emotional words. SMDs of interference scores were meta-analyzed. b Leave-one-out meta-analysis plot of the EST studies comparing patients with BPD with NPs and using BPD-specific and personally relevant negative emotional words as stimuli. The pooled SMDs prove to be quite stable when individual studies are omitted.