Table 2.
Demographics* for MDVIP Members and Random Controls: Prior to and After Propensity Score Matching
| Unmatched | Propensity Score Matched | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDVIP Members | Random Sample Controls | MDVIP Members | Random Sample Controls | |||
| Mean or % 11,396 | Mean or % 62,721 | P | Mean or % 10,186 | Mean or % 10,186 | P | |
| Age (average) | 55.7 | 49.3 | <0.001 | 54.8 | 54.0 | <0.001 |
| 35–44 | 11.2 | 33.9 | <0.001 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 0.91 |
| 45–54 | 31.0 | 34.9 | 33.4 | 33.7 | ||
| 55–64 | 45.6 | 28.4 | 45.2 | 44.9 | ||
| 65+ | 12.3 | 2.9 | 9.0 | 8.8 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 47.9 | 42.4 | <0.001 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 0.65 |
| Female | 52.1 | 57.6 | 52.7 | 52.4 | ||
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Employee | 63.6 | 67.8 | <0.001 | 64.7 | 64.9 | 0.73 |
| Spouse | 36.4 | 32.2 | 35.3 | 35.1 | ||
| Median household income (geocoded from zip code) | ||||||
| High (≥$45,809) | 68.0 | 55.9 | <0.001 | 66.5 | 67.4 | 0.67 |
| Upper Medium (≥$36,250 and <$45,809) | 18.1 | 20.6 | 18.6 | 18.1 | ||
| Lower Medium (≥$29,875 and <$36,250) | 6.2 | 11.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | ||
| Low (<$29,875) | 3.6 | 6.7 | 3.9 | 3.7 | ||
| Region (geocoded from zip code) | ||||||
| Northeast | 11.7 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 0.57 |
| Midwest | 9.7 | 18.6 | 10.6 | 10.8 | ||
| South | 60.5 | 44.6 | 58.4 | 57.3 | ||
| West | 17.3 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 18.5 | ||
| Location (geocoded from zip code) | ||||||
| Metro | 95.8 | 89.7 | <0.001 | 95.5 | 95.7 | 0.41 |
| Others | 4.2 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | ||
| Plan Type | ||||||
| EPO | 7.5 | 11.0 | <0.001 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 0.57 |
| HMO | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | ||
| Indemnity | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||
| POS | 72.4 | 68.1 | 73.1 | 73.9 | ||
| PPO | 7.6 | 11.3 | 7.9 | 7.2 | ||
| Others | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.4 | ||
| Supply of Medical Services by Location (geocoded from zip code) | ||||||
| Acute Care Hospital Beds per 1,000 | 2.1 | 2.3 | <0.001 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.54 |
| PCPs per 100,000 | 68.7 | 70.7 | <0.001 | 68.9 | 69.0 | 0.63 |
| Specialists per 100,000 | 130.7 | 129.2 | <0.001 | 131.0 | 127.8 | <0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | 0.51 | 0.36 | <0.001 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.90 |
| CCI = 0 | 71.4 | 78.4 | <0.001 | 72.5 | 73.1 | 0.34 |
| CCI > = 1 | 28.6 | 21.6 | 27.5 | 26.9 | ||
| Psychiatric (PDG) | 0.17 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.39 |
| No (score = 0) | 87.5 | 89.5 | <0.001 | 87.6 | 87.7 | 0.77 |
| Yes (score > = 1) | 12.5 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 12.3 | ||
| Any Inpatient Admission | 6.2 | 5.3 | <0.001 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 0.55 |
| % Readmission Within 30 Days | 9.3 | 7.0 | 0.03 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 0.22 |
| Any Emergency Room Visit | 13.8 | 14.1 | 0.35 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 0.08 |
| Any Urgent Care Facility Use | 4.7 | 6.6 | <0.001 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.90 |
| Number of Therapeutic Drug Classes | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.02 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.17 |
| 0 | 41.8 | 48.9 | <0.001 | 42.4 | 43.2 | 0.65 |
| 1–3 | 48.9 | 41.2 | 47.5 | 47.1 | ||
| 4–6 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | ||
| 7–9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | ||
| 10 or more | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.3 | ||
*
Excluding outliers and zeros.
EPO = exclusive provider organization; HMO = health maintenance organization; MDVIP = MD-Value in Prevention; PCP = primary care physician; PDG = Psychiatric Diagnostic Group; POS = point of service organization; PPO = preferred provider organization.