Table 2.

Baseline Demographic Characteristics of the Study Groups (Post Match)

Baseline characteristics	Intervention (n = 72,410)	Control (n = 72,410)	P value	Standardized difference (¥)
Age at index (years)
Mean (Standard deviation)	47.1 (13.3)	45.7 (13.5)	<.0001	0.107
95% Confidence interval	[47.0–47.2]	[45.6–45.8]
Sex at index: n (%)
Male	29,816 (41.2%)	29,133 (40.2%)	0.0003	0.019
Health plan type at index: n (%)
Health maintenance organization	4109 (5.7%)	1589 (2.2%)	<.0001	0.180
Preferred provider organization	63,660 (87.9%)	67,870 (93.7%)	<.0001	−0.202
All others	4641 (6.4%)	2951 (4.1%)	<.0001	0.105
Primary payer type at index: n (%)
Commercial	41,165 (56.8%)	40,085 (55.4%)	<.0001	0.030
Medicaid	574 (0.8%)	774 (1.1%)	<.0001	−0.029
Medicare	528 (0.7%)	131 (0.2%)	<.0001	0.082
Self-Insured	30,143 (41.6%)	31,420 (43.4%)	<.0001	−0.036
Comorbidities: n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	7677 (10.6%)	4804 (6.6%)	<.0001	0.142
Dyslipidemia	19,250 (26.6%)	15,175 (21%)	<.0001	0.132
Hypertension	21,973 (30.3%)	17,856 (24.7%)	<.0001	0.128
Thyroid disease	6351 (8.8%)	4154 (5.7%)	<.0001	0.117
Mean Charlson comorbidity index score	0.52	0.40	<.0001	0.119
Patients with ≥1 emergency room visit	11,773 (16.3%)	14,678 (20.3%)	<.0001	−0.104
Mean total number of prescriptions	11.97	10.33	<.0001	0.156
Mean number of unique drug classes for prescriptions filled	5.64	5.14	<.0001	0.135
Mean 30-day adjusted fill rate	13.06	11.01	<.0001	0.161
Mean generic dispensing rate	0.76	0.80	<.0001	−0.138

¥: Standardized differences were used to assess balance between groups across variables. Balance was determined for differences ≤0.1.