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. 2017 Feb 7;25:2. doi: 10.1186/s40199-017-0167-z

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — A brief schematic view of pathophysiology of osteoporosis and influence of some drugs on bone health. Legend: PTH: parathyroid hormone; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; IL-11: interleukin-11; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OCIF: osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor; RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand; NF-κB: nuclear factor κB; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases; OCs: osteoclasts; Wnt: wingless and Int proteins; LRP5/6: LDL-receptor related protein 5/6; IGF-1: Insulin like growth factor-1; L-C: L-carnitine; OBs: osteoblasts