Table 5.
Gene-level association with PTSD (i.e., individuals with only Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), PTSD-MDD (i.e., comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder), and PTSD-SUD (i.e., comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder), adjusting for age, sex, and CES in Caucasians.
| PTSD | PTSD-MDD | PTSD-SUD | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% Lower CI | 95% Upper CI | p-Value | OR | 95% Lower CI | 95% Upper CI | p-Value | OR | 95% Lower CI | 95% Upper CI | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.951 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.715 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.477 |
| Female | 0.79 | 0.43 | 1.44 | 0.429 | 0.81 | 0.47 | 1.39 | 0.440 | 0.64 | 0.37 | 1.09 | 0.101 |
| CES | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 0.534 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.249 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.481 |
| PC1 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.96 | 0.012 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.99 | 0.033 | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.97 | 0.015 |
Notes: The gene-level association with PTSD is based on logistic regression analysis. The gene-level association with PTSD-MDD or PTSD-SUD is based on proportional odds model. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) are marked in red. OR refers to odds ratio.