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. 2017 Jan 13;7(1):9. doi: 10.3390/brainsci7010009

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© 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Dual frequency stimulation using a single electrode technique to target the Periaqueductal Grey/Periventricular Grey (PAG/PVG) and Centromedian Intralaminar Parafasciular complex (CMPf) in the treatment of chronic pain. (a) Tracings of the CMPf (blue) and PAG/PVG (red) in coronal plane undergo volumetric reconstruction using NeuroInspire^TM software to create 3-dimensional structures for robot-guided DBS electrode implantation; (b) Contacts 1–3 and 5–8 are embedded within the PAG/PVG and CMPf respectively along the same trajectory; (c) Spherical electrical fields (red) at contacts 4 and 8 stimulate the PAG/PVG and CMPf respectively yielding analgesia in a case of refractory phantom limb pain.