Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study Type/Year Published | Data source | Country/Setting | Timeframe (Month/Year) | Study period | No. of subjects, n | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL DRUGS | ||||||
| Prospective observational (2016) | Medical Record/Prescription | India (NICU) | Apr–Sept 2014 | 6 months | 528 neonates | Suryawanshi et al., 2016 |
| Prospective observational (2015) | Medical record | Brazil (NICU) | Jan–June 2012 | 6 months | 187 neonates | Goncalves et al., 2015 |
| Prospective observational (2015) | Medical record | India (NICU) | Mar 2013–Feb 2014 | 1 year | 650 neonates | Patel Brijal et al., 2015 |
| Retrospective review (2014) | Administrative database | United States (350 NICUs) | Jan 2005–Dec 2010 | 6 years | 450,386 infants | Hsieh et al., 2014 |
| Prospective cohort (2011) | Prescription | Estonia (NICU, neonatal wards) (2 Hospitals) | Feb–Aug 2008 Feb–Aug 2009 | 1 year | 490 neonates | Lass et al., 2011 |
| Prospective, cohort (2010) | Medical Record/Prescription | Germany (NICU) | Dec 2004–Oct 2005 | 11 months | 183 neonates | Neubert et al., 2010 |
| Retrospective (2008) | Pharmacy dispensing database | United States (NICU) | Sept 2000–Aug 2003 | 3 years | 2304 neonates | Kumar et al., 2008 |
| Prospective observational (2007) | Medical Record/Prescription | India (NICU) | Mar–Aug 2005 | 6 months | 176 neonates | Chatterjee et al., 2007 |
| Retrospective cohort analysis (2006) | Neonatal database | United States (NICU, PCN) | Jan 1997–Dec 1998 Jan 2001 Jun 2004 | 5.5 years | 5023 neonates | Du et al., 2006 |
| Retrospective cohort (2006) | National database | United States (NICU) (220 hospitals) | Jan 1996–Apr 2005 | 9.3 years | 253651 reports | Clark et al., 2006 |
| Retrospective (2006) | Neonatal database | United States (NICU & PCN) | Jan 1997–June 2004 | 7.5 years | 6839 neonates | Warrier et al., 2006 |
| No information (2014) | Medical records | India (NICU) | Jan–June 2013 | 6 months | 100 neonates | (Sharanappa et al., 2015) |
| ANTIBIOTICS | ||||||
| Prospective (2015) | Prescription | India (NICU) | Feb–Apr 2013 | 3 months | 250 prescriptions | Subash and Shanmugapriyan, 2015 |
| Prospective cohort (2011) | Patient chart | Switzerland (NICU, PICU) | Apr 2001–Dec 2008 | 7.7 years | 1096 neonates | Zingg et al., 2011 |
| Point prevalence survey (2012) | Survey | UK, Greece& Italy (Neonatal & Paediatric ward) (4 hospitals) | Feb–May 2009 | 14 days | 1217 prescription (269 neonates) | Porta et al., 2012 |
| Point prevalence surveys (2005) | Survey | United States (NICU, PICU) (31 hospitals) | Aug 1999–Feb 2000 | 2 days | 2647 patients (1580 neonates) | Grohskopf et al., 2005 |
| Retrospective analysis (2015) | Pharmacy Purchase Data | Poland (SNCU) | Jan 2011–Dec 2012 | 2 years | 418 neonates | Nitsch-Osuch et al., 2015 |
| Retrospective (2013) | Pharmacy Purchase Data | Poland (SNCU) | Jan–Dec 2011 | 1 year | 801 records | Nitsch-Osuch et al., 2013 |
| Retrospective (2010) | Pharmacy Purchase Data | Netherland (10 NICUs) | Jan–Dec 2005 | 1 year | 4326 patients | Liem et al., 2010b |
| Cross sectional (2014) | HIS database | Iran (Neonatal, NICU, PICU, Paediatrics, Paediatric surgery) | Sept 2010–Sept 2011 | 1 year | 4619 records (765 neonates) | Salehifar et al., 2014 |
NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; PCN, Progressive Care and Observation Nurseries; PICU, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit; SCNU, Special Neonatal Care Unit.