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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Mar 30;96:13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.032

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

A Western diet-induced alterations in hepatic glutathione metabolism. A Western diet activates glutathione peroxidase but deactivates glutathione reductase that result in accumulation of oxidized glutathione without any significant changes in lipid peroxidation products, including GSH–4-HNE. Impaired glutathione recycling increases the total glutathione pool that leads to reduced FSR of glutathione without significant changes in GSH levels. Impaired GSSG reduction to GSH would accumulate NADPH that could be channeled to fatty acid synthesis. (1) superoxide dismutase, (2) glutathione peroxidase, (3) glutamate cysteine ligase, (4) glutathione synthetase, (5) glutathione reductase, (6) glutathione-S transferase, (7) fatty acid synthethase. Red and blue colored arrows show up-regulated and down-regulated reactions or pathways, respectively.