The effects of HIF-1α knockdown on CCH-induced deficits in spatial learning and memory as measured with the Morris Water Maze. (A,B) Mean daily escape latencies (i.e., times from the start to the hidden platform) during cued training; * p < 0.05 compared to 2VO in (A); * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to sham+pLVx-GFP-shCon, #
p < 0.05 compared to 2VO + pLVx-GFP-shCon in (B) (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-tests); (C,D) times spent in the target quadrant during the probe trials. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. (One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests, or unpaired student's t test). All values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 8–16).